Ukuzaliswa nokuthuthukiswa kwezingulube zesimanje kwenziwa ngokwezidingo zabantu. Umgomo ukwenza izingulube zidle kancane, zikhule ngokushesha, zikhiqize kakhulu futhi zibe nenyama eningi engenamafutha amaningi. Kunzima ngemvelo ukuhlangabezana nalezi zidingo, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukusebenza kahle endaweni yokwenziwa!

Ukugcinwa kokupholisa nokushisa, ukulawulwa komswakama owomile, uhlelo lokukhuculula indle, ikhwalithi yomoya endlini yezilwane, uhlelo lokuthutha, uhlelo lokuphakela, ikhwalithi yemishini, ukuphathwa kokukhiqiza, ukudla okuphakelayo nokudla okunempilo, ubuchwepheshe bokuzalanisa njalo njalo konke kuthinta ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kanye nesimo sempilo yezingulube.

Isimo samanje esibhekene naso ukuthi kunezifo eziningi zengulube, imijovo eminingi kanye nemithi yezilwane, futhi kunzima kakhulu ukufuya izingulube. Amapulazi amaningi ezingulube asenazo izinzuzo noma ukulahlekelwa lapho imakethe yezingulube isifinyelele irekhodi eliphezulu futhi yahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu.

Khona-ke asikwazi ukuzibamba ngaphandle kokuzindla ngokuthi indlela yamanje yokubhekana nesifo sobhubhane lwezingulube ilungile yini noma ukuthi indlela eqondiswa ngayo ayilungile yini. Kudingeka sicabange ngezimbangela eziyinhloko zalesi sifo embonini yezingulube. Ingabe kungenxa yokuthi igciwane namagciwane kunamandla kakhulu noma ukwakheka kwezingulube kubuthakathaka kakhulu?

Ngakho-ke manje imboni igxila kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwezingulube okungasebenzi kahle komzimba!

Izici ezithinta ukusebenza komzimba okungaqondile kwezingulube:

1. Ukudla okunempilo

Enkambisweni yokutheleleka kwezifo, isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sezilwane siyavuselelwa, umzimba uhlanganisa inani elikhulu lama-cytokine, izinto zamakhemikhali, amaprotheni esigaba esibucayi, ama-antibodies omzimba, njll., izinga lokuguqulwa komzimba likhuliswa kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kokushisa kuyanda futhi izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyakhuphuka, okudinga izakhamzimba eziningi.

Okokuqala, kudingeka inani elikhulu lama-amino acid ukuze kuhlanganiswe amaprotheni, ama-antibodies kanye nezinye izinto ezisebenzayo esigabeni esibucayi, okuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwamaprotheni emzimbeni kanye nokukhishwa kwe-nitrogen. Enkambisweni yokutheleleka okubangelwa izifo, ukutholakala kwama-amino acids kuvela kakhulu ekuwohlokeni kwamaprotheni omzimba ngoba isifiso sokudla kanye nokudla kwezilwane kuncishiswa kakhulu noma ngisho nokuzila ukudla. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-metabolism kuzokhulisa ngokungenakugwenywa isidingo samavithamini kanye nezinto zokulandelela.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inselele yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe iholela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative ezilwaneni, ikhiqize inani elikhulu lama-free radicals futhi ikhulise ukusetshenziswa kwama-antioxidants (VE, VC, Se, njll.).

Enseleleni yesifo esiwubhubhane, i-metabolism yezilwane iyathuthukiswa, isidingo sezakhamzimba siyanda, futhi ukusatshalaliswa kwezakhamzimba zezilwane kuyashintshwa kusukela ekukhuleni kuya ekugomeni. Lokhu kusabela kwe-metabolism yezilwane kumele kumelane nezifo eziwubhubhane futhi kuphile ngangokunokwenzeka, okuwumphumela wokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwesikhathi eside noma ukukhethwa kwemvelo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphansi kokukhethwa okwenziwe, iphethini ye-metabolism yezingulube enseleleni yesifo esiwubhubhane iyaphambuka endleleni yokukhethwa kwemvelo.

Eminyakeni yamuva nje, intuthuko yokuzalanisa izingulube ithuthukise kakhulu amandla okukhula kwezingulube kanye nezinga lokukhula kwenyama engenamafutha. Uma izingulube ezinjalo sezithelelekile, indlela yokusatshalaliswa kwezakhamzimba ezitholakalayo iyashintsha ngezinga elithile: izakhamzimba ezinikezwa amasosha omzimba ziyancipha futhi izakhamzimba ezinikezwa ukukhula ziyanda.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinempilo, lokhu kuzuzisa ngokwemvelo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhiqiza (ukuzalisa izingulube kwenziwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezinempilo kakhulu), kodwa uma kunenselele yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, izingulube ezinjalo azinawo amasosha omzimba aqinile futhi zinokufa okuphezulu kunezinhlobo ezindala (izingulube zasendaweni eShayina zikhula kancane, kodwa ukumelana kwazo nezifo kuphakeme kakhulu kunezingulube zakwamanye amazwe zanamuhla).

Ukugxila okuqhubekayo ekukhetheni ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokukhula kuye kwashintsha izakhi zofuzo ekusabalaleni kwezakhi zomsoco, okumele kulahle imisebenzi ngaphandle kokukhula. Ngakho-ke, ukukhulisa izingulube ezingenamafutha ezinamandla okukhiqiza aphezulu kumele kuhlinzeke ngezinga eliphezulu lokudla okunomsoco, ikakhulukazi enseleleni yezifo eziwumshayabhuqe, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kokudla okunomsoco, ukuze kube nezakhi zomsoco ezanele zokugoma, futhi izingulube zingakwazi ukunqoba izifo eziwumshayabhuqe.

Uma kwenzeka ukufuywa kwezingulube kuphansi noma ubunzima bezomnotho emapulazini ezingulube, nciphisa ukuphakelwa kokudla kwezingulube. Uma ubhubhane seluqalile, imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu.

2. Ukucindezeleka

Ukucindezeleka kubhubhisa isakhiwo se-mucosal sezingulube futhi kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka ezingulubeni.

Ukucindezelekakuholela ekwandeni kwama-radicals amahhala e-oxygen futhi kubhubhise ukungena kwe-membrane yeseli. Ukungenela kwe-membrane yeseli kwanda, okwakungcono kakhulu ekungeneni kwamagciwane emangqamuzaneni; Ukucindezeleka kuholela ekuvusweni kwesistimu ye-sympathetic adrenal medullary, ukufinyela okuqhubekayo kwemithambo ye-visceral, ischemia ye-mucosal, ukulimala kwe-hypoxic, ukuguguleka kwesilonda; Ukucindezeleka kuholela ekuphazamisekeni kwe-metabolic, ukwanda kwezinto ezi-acidic zangaphakathi kweseli kanye nomonakalo we-mucosal obangelwa yi-cell acidosis; Ukucindezeleka kuholela ekwandeni kokukhiqizwa kwe-glucocorticoid kanye ne-glucocorticoid kuvimbela ukuvuselelwa kwamaseli e-mucosal.

Ukucindezeleka kwandisa ingozi yokukhishwa kobuthi ezingulubeni.

Izici ezahlukahlukene zokucindezeleka zibangela ukuthi umzimba ukhiqize inani elikhulu lama-radicals amahhala e-oxygen, alimaza amangqamuzana e-endothelial emithambo yegazi, abangele ukuhlangana kwama-granulocyte ngaphakathi kwemithambo yegazi, asheshise ukwakheka kwe-microthrombosis kanye nomonakalo wamaseli e-endothelial, asize ukusabalala kwegciwane, futhi andise ingozi yokukhishwa kobuthi emzimbeni.

Ukucindezeleka kunciphisa ukumelana komzimba futhi kwandisa ingozi yokungazinzi ezingulubeni.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukulawulwa kwe-endocrine ngesikhathi sokucindezeleka kuzovimbela isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela, njenge-glucocorticoid inomphumela wokuvimbela ukusebenza komzimba; Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwanda kwama-free radicals e-oxygen kanye nezici ezibangela ukuvuvukala okubangelwa ukucindezeleka kuzolimaza ngqo amangqamuzana omzimba, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwenani lamangqamuzana omzimba kanye nokukhiqizwa okunganele kwe-interferon, okuholela ekucindezelweni kwamasosha omzimba.

Izimpawu ezithile zokwehla kwe-immune okungeyona into ethile:

● indle yamehlo, amabala okudabuka, ukuphuma kwegazi emhlane kanye nezinye izinkinga ezintathu ezingcolile

Ukopha emhlane, isikhumba esidala kanye nezinye izinkinga zibonisa ukuthi isimiso somzimba sokuqala sokuzivikela, ubuso bomzimba kanye nesithiyo se-mucosal sonakele, okuholela ekungeneni kalula kwamagciwane emzimbeni.

Ingqikithi ye-lacrimal plaque ukuthi i-lacrimal gland ikhipha izinyembezi njalo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okwengeziwe kwamagciwane nge-lysozyme. I-lacrimal plaque ikhombisa ukuthi umsebenzi we-mucosal immune barrier yendawo ebusweni beso unciphile, futhi i-pathogen ayikasuswa ngokuphelele. Iphinde yabonisa ukuthi eyodwa noma ezimbili ze-SIgA kanye namaprotheni ahambisanayo ku-mucosa yeso ayanele.

● ukuwohloka kokusebenza kwembewu

Izinga lokususwa kwezingulube ezigciniwe liphezulu kakhulu, izingulube ezikhulelwe ziyaphunza, zizale izingane ezifile, izidumbu, izingulube ezincane ezibuthakathaka, njll.;

Isikhathi eside sokukhulelwa nokubuyela e-estrus ngemva kokulunyulwa; Ikhwalithi yobisi lwezinsikazi ezincelisayo yehlile, amasosha omzimba ezingulube ezisanda kuzalwa ayephansi, ukukhiqizwa kwawo kwakuhamba kancane, kanye nezinga lohudo laliphezulu.

Kukhona uhlelo lwe-mucosal kuzo zonke izingxenye ze-mucosal zengulube, okuhlanganisa ibele, umgudu wokugaya ukudla, isibeletho, umgudu wokuzala, ama-renal tubules, izindlala zesikhumba kanye nezinye i-submucosa, olunomsebenzi wokuvimbela amasosha omzimba osezingeni eliphezulu ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-pathogen.

Thatha iso njengesibonelo:

① Ulwelwesi lweseli le-epithelial yeso kanye nezingxenye zalo zamafutha namanzi ezikhishwayo zakha isithiyo esibonakalayo kumagciwane.

②Ilwa namagciwaneIzingxenye ezikhishwa yizindlala ku-epithelium ye-mucosal yeso, njengezinyembezi ezikhishwa yizindlala ze-lacrimal, ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-lysozyme, elingabulala amagciwane futhi livimbele ukuzala kwamagciwane, futhi lakhe isithiyo samakhemikhali kumagciwane.

③ Ama-Macrophage namaseli e-NK abulala izicubu asatshalaliswa oketshezini lwezicubu zamaseli e-epithelial e-mucosal angaqeda izifo futhi asuse amaseli athelelekile yizifo, akhe isithiyo samaseli omzimba.

④ I-immune mucosal yendawo yakhiwe yi-immunoglobulin SIgA ekhishwa amaseli e-plasma asatshalaliswa ezicutshini ezixhumeneyo zengqimba ye-subepithelial ye-ocular mucosa kanye neprotheni ehambisana nobuningi bayo.

Indawoukungavikeleki kwe-mucosalidlala indima ebalulekile kuukuzivikela komzimba, okungagcina kuqede amagciwane, kukhuthaze ukululama kwempilo futhi kuvimbele ukutheleleka okuphindaphindiwe.

Isikhumba esidala kanye namabala okudabuka kwezinsikazi kubonisa umonakalo wokuzivikela komzimba wonke!

Isimiso: ukudla okunomsoco olinganiselayo kanye nesisekelo esiqinile; Ukuvikelwa kwesibindi kanye nokukhishwa kobuthi emzimbeni ukuze kuthuthukiswe impilo; Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye nokuzinzisa indawo yangaphakathi; Ukugoma okunengqondo ukuvimbela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

Kungani sibheka ukubaluleka kokuvikelwa kwesibindi kanye nokukhishwa kobuthi emzimbeni ekuthuthukiseni amasosha omzimba angaqondile?

Isibindi singesinye sezitho zesistimu yokuvimbela amasosha omzimba. Amaseli omzimba azalwa nawo njengama-macrophage, amaseli e-NK kanye ne-NKT atholakala kakhulu esibindini. Ama-macrophage nama-lymphocyte esibindini ayisihluthulelo sokuzivikela kwamangqamuzana kanye nokuzivikela komzimba okunobuthi ngokulandelana! Futhi yiseli eliyisisekelo lokuzivikela komzimba okungewona okhethekile! Amaphesenti angamashumi ayisithupha ama-macrophage emzimbeni wonke ahlangana esibindini. Ngemva kokungena esibindini, iningi lama-antigen avela emathunjini lizogwinywa futhi lisulwe ngama-macrophage (amaseli e-Kupffer) esibindini, kanti ingxenye encane izohlanzwa yizinso; Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lamagciwane, ama-bacterial antigen antibody complexes kanye nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezivela ekujikelezeni kwegazi zizogwinywa futhi zisulwe ngamaseli e-Kupffer ukuvimbela lezi zinto eziyingozi ekulimazeni umzimba. Imfucuza yobuthi ehlanzwa yisibindi idinga ukukhishwa enyongweni iye emathunjini, bese ikhishwa emzimbeni ngendle.

Njengesikhungo sokuguqulwa kwezakhamzimba, isibindi sidlala indima engenakuphikwa ekuguqulweni okubushelelezi kwezakhamzimba!

Ngaphansi kokucindezeleka, izingulube zizokwandisa imetabolism futhi zithuthukise ikhono lokulwa nokucindezeleka kwezingulube. Kule nqubo, ama-free radical ezingulubeni azokhula kakhulu, okuzokwandisa umthwalo wezingulube futhi kuholele ekwehleni kokuzivikela komzimba. Ukukhiqizwa kwama-free radical kuhlobene kahle nokuqina kwemetabolism yamandla, okungukuthi, lapho imetabolism yomzimba inamandla kakhulu, kuzokhiqizwa ama-free radical amaningi. Lapho imetabolism yezitho zomzimba inamandla kakhulu, kulapho zizohlaselwa khona ama-free radical kalula futhi aqine. Isibonelo, isibindi siqukethe ama-enzyme ahlukahlukene, angagcini nje ngokuhlanganyela ekusetshenzisweni kwama-carbohydrate, amaprotheni, amafutha, amavithamini nama-hormone, kodwa futhi anemisebenzi yokukhipha ubuthi emzimbeni, ukukhipha, ukukhipha, ukubopha kanye nokuzivikela komzimba. Sikhiqiza ama-free radical amaningi futhi siyingozi kakhulu ngama-free radical.

Ngakho-ke, ukuze sithuthukise amasosha omzimba angaqondile, kumelwe sinake ukuvikelwa kwesibindi kanye nokukhishwa kobuthi ezingulubeni!