Inani le-potassium diformate ekulimeni izinkukhu:

Umphumela obalulekile wokulwa namagciwane (ukunciphisa i-Escherichia coli ngaphezu kuka-30%), ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuguqulwa kokudla ngo-5-8%, ukufaka esikhundleni ama-antibiotic ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lohudo ngo-42%. Inzuzo yesisindo sezinkukhu ze-broiler ingu-80-120 amagremu ngenkukhu ngayinye, izinga lokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda ezinkukhu ezizalelayo landa ngo-2-3%, kanti izinzuzo eziphelele zanda ngo-8% -12%, okuwumphumela obalulekile ekulimeni okuluhlaza.

I-Potassium diformate, njengohlobo olusha lwesengezo sokudla, lubonise inani elikhulu lokusetshenziswa emkhakheni wokufuya izinkukhu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Izindlela zalo ezihlukile zokuthuthukisa ama-bacterial, ukukhula, kanye nempilo yamathumbu zinikeza ikhambi elisha lokufuya izinkukhu okunempilo.

1. Izakhiwo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali kanye nesisekelo sokusebenza kwe-potassium diformate

I-Potassium diformateiyinhlanganisela yekristalu eyakhiwe yinhlanganisela ye-formic acid kanye ne-potassium diformate ku-1:1 molar ratio, enefomula yama-molecule i-CHKO ₂. Ibonakala njengempuphu emhlophe yekristalu futhi incibilika kalula emanzini. Losawoti we-organic acid uhlala uzinzile ezindaweni ezine-acid, kodwa ungahlukanisa futhi ukhulule i-formic acid kanye ne-potassium diformate ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi noma ezibuthakathaka ze-alkaline (njengamathumbu enkukhu). Inani layo eliyingqayizivele liseqinisweni lokuthi i-formic acid iyi-fatty acid yeketanga elifushane enomsebenzi onamandla kakhulu wokulwa namagciwane phakathi kwama-organic acid aziwayo, kuyilapho ama-ion e-potassium engeza ama-electrolyte, futhi lokhu kusebenza ndawonye.

Umphumela wokulwa namagciwane wei-potassium diformateikakhulukazi kufezwa ngezindlela ezintathu:

Ama-molecule e-formic acid ahlukanisiwe angangena ezingxeni zamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya, anciphise i-pH yangaphakathi kwamangqamuzana, futhi aphazamise izinhlelo zama-enzyme amagciwane kanye nokuthuthwa kwezakhamzimba;
I-formic acid engaxazululiwe ingena emaseli ebhaktheriya bese ibola ibe yi-H⁺ kanye ne-HCOO⁻, okuphazamisa isakhiwo sama-nucleic acid ebhaktheriya, ikakhulukazi okubonisa imiphumela ebalulekile yokuvimbela amabhaktheriya angenayo i-Gram njenge-Salmonella kanye ne-Escherichia coli.

Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwengeza i-potassium formate engu-0.6% kunganciphisa inani le-Escherichia coli ku-cecum yezinkukhu ze-broiler ngaphezu kuka-30%;

Ngokuvimbela ukwanda kwamagciwane ayingozi, ukukhuthaza ngokungaqondile ukuqongelela kwamagciwane anenzuzo njenge-lactic acid bacteria, kanye nokuthuthukisa ibhalansi ye-microbiota yamathumbu.

2, Indlela eyinhloko yokusebenza ekulimeni izinkukhu
1. Izakhiwo eziphumelelayo zokulwa namagciwane, ezinciphisa umthwalo we-pathogen

Umphumela wokulwa namagciwane we-potassium diformate utholakala kakhulu ngezindlela ezintathu:
Ama-molecule e-formic acid ahlukanisiwe angangena ezingxeni zamangqamuzana ebhaktheriya, anciphise i-pH yangaphakathi kwamangqamuzana, futhi aphazamise izinhlelo zama-enzyme amagciwane kanye nokuthuthwa kwezakhamzimba;
I-formic acid engaxazululiwe ingena emangqamuzaneni ebhaktheriya bese ibola ibe yi-H⁺ kanye ne-HCOO⁻, okuphazamisa isakhiwo sama-nucleic acid ebhaktheriya, ikakhulukazi okubonisa imiphumela ebalulekile yokuvimbela amabhaktheriya angewona ama-Gram njenge-Salmonella kanye ne-Escherichia coli. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi ukwengeza i-potassium diformate engu-0.6% kunganciphisa inani le-Escherichia coli ku-cecum yezinkukhu ze-broiler ngaphezu kuka-30%;
Ngokuvimbela ukwanda kwamagciwane ayingozi, ukukhuthaza ngokungaqondile ukuqongelela kwamagciwane anenzuzo njenge-lactic acid bacteria, kanye nokuthuthukisa ibhalansi ye-microbiota yamathumbu.

2. Thuthukisa umsebenzi wokugaya ukudla futhi uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kokudla

Yehlisa inani le-pH lendlela yokugaya ukudla, yenza kusebenze i-pepsinogen, futhi ikhuthaze ukuwohloka kwamaprotheni;
Khuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugaya ukudla ku-pancreas, thuthukisa izinga lokugaya isitashi namafutha. Imininingwane yokuhlola ikhombisa ukuthi ukwengeza i-potassium diformate engu-0.5% ekudleni kwenkukhu kungandisa izinga lokuguqulwa kokudla ngo-5-8%;

Vikela isakhiwo se-villus yamathumbu futhi wandise indawo yokumuncwa kwamathumbu amancane. Ukuhlolwa kwe-electron microscopy kwembule ukuthi ukuphakama kwe-villus kwe-jejunum ezinkukhu ze-broiler eziphathwe nge-potassium formate kukhuphuke ngo-15% -20% uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elilawulayo.

UMnyango Wezolimo waseShayina (2019). Unciphisa ukwanda kwesifo sohudo ngezindlela eziningi. Esivivinyweni sezinsuku ezingu-35 sokupheka inkukhu yenkukhu emhlophe enezimpaphe, kwengezwe u-0.8%i-potassium diformatekwehlise izinga lohudo ngo-42% uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu elingenalutho, futhi umphumela wawufana noweqembu lama-antibiotic.
3, izinzuzo zohlelo lokusebenza ekukhiqizweni kwangempela

1. Ukusebenza kahle ekulimeni izinkukhu zenyama
Ukusebenza kokukhula: Ezinsukwini ezingu-42 ubudala, isilinganiso sokukhula kwesisindo sokuhlatshwa singamagremu angu-80-120, kanti ukufana kuthuthuka ngamaphuzu angu-5%;

Ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi yenyama: kunciphisa ukulahleka kokuconsa kwemisipha yesifuba futhi kwandisa isikhathi sokuphila kwayo eshalofini. Lokhu kungase kuhlobane nokunciphisa kwayo ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative, kanye namazinga e-serum MDA ehla ngo-25%;

Izinzuzo zezomnotho: Uma kubalwa ngokusekelwe emananini okuphakelayo kwamanje, inkukhu ngayinye ingandisa imali engenayo ngo-0.3-0.5 yuan.
2. Ukusetshenziswa Ekukhiqizweni Kwenkukhu Yamaqanda
Izinga lokukhiqizwa kwamaqanda lenyuka ngo-2-3%, ikakhulukazi ezinkukhu ezizalela ngemva kwesikhathi esiphezulu;

Ukuthuthuka kwekhwalithi yegobolondo leqanda, ngokuncipha kwamaphuzu angu-0.5-1 emaphesentini esivinini sokuphuka kweqanda, ngenxa yokwanda kokusebenza kahle kokumuncwa kwe-calcium;

Nciphisa kakhulu ukugcwala kwe-ammonia endle (30% -40%) futhi uthuthukise indawo yangaphakathi.

Ukwanda kokuvuvukala kwenkaba yenkukhu kwehle, kanti izinga lokusinda kwengane eneminyaka engu-7 landa ngo-1.5-2%.

4, uhlelo lokusetshenziswa kwesayensi kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha
1. Inani elinconyiwe lokwengeza

Inkukhu: 0.5% -1.2% (iphezulu esigabeni sokuqala, iphansi esigabeni sokugcina);
Izinkukhu ezizalela amaqanda: 0.3% -0.6%;
Izithasiselo zamanzi okuphuza: 0.1% -0.2% (ezizosetshenziswa kanye nezithako zokufaka i-acid).

2. Amakhono okuhambisana
Ukusetshenziswa ngokubambisana nama-probiotic namafutha abalulekile ezitshalo kungathuthukisa umphumela;
Gwema ukuxubana ngqo nezinto ze-alkaline (njenge-baking soda);
Inani lethusi elifakwe ekudleni okunethusi eliningi kufanele likhuliswe ngo-10% -15%.

3. Amaphuzu abalulekile okulawula ikhwalithi
Khetha imikhiqizo enokuhlanzeka okungu-≥ 98%, kanye nokuqukethwe kokungcola (njengezinsimbi ezisindayo) kumele kuhambisane nendinganiso ye-GB/T 27985;
Gcina endaweni epholile neyomile, sebenzisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ngemva kokuvula;
Qaphela ibhalansi yemithombo ye-calcium ekudleni, njengoba ukudla ngokweqile kungathinta ukumuncwa kwamaminerali.

5, Izitayela Zokuthuthukiswa Kwesikhathi Esizayo
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bokudla okunempilo okunembile, ukwakheka okukhishwa kancane kanye nemikhiqizo ye-potassium diformate efakwe ema-capsules amancane kuzoba yindlela yocwaningo nentuthuko. Ngaphansi komkhuba wokunciphisa ukumelana nama-antibiotic ekufuyweni kwezinkukhu, ukuhlanganiswa kwama-oligosaccharides asebenzayo kanye nokulungiswa kwama-enzyme kuzothuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza kwezinkukhu. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences ngo-2024 luthole ukuthi i-potassium formate ingathuthukisa ukuzivikela kwamathumbu ngokulawula indlela yokubonisana ye-TLR4/NF - κ B, inikeze isisekelo esisha semfundiso yentuthuko yayo yokusebenza.

Umkhuba ukhombisile ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwei-potassium diformateingandisa izinzuzo eziphelele zokulima izinkukhu ngo-8% -12%, kodwa ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka yizici ezifana nokuphathwa kokudla kanye nokwakheka kokudla okuyisisekelo.

Abalimi kufanele benze izivivinyo ze-gradient ngokusekelwe ezimweni zabo ukuze bathole uhlelo lokusebenza olungcono kakhulu futhi basebenzise ngokugcwele inani lezomnotho nelemvelo lalesi sithako esiluhlaza.