Ukuqophaiyisixhumanisi esidingekayo ekukhuleni kwezilwane ezinamagobolondo. I-Penaeus vannamei idinga ukubola kaningi empilweni yayo ukuze ihlangabezane nezinga lokukhula komzimba.

Ⅰ, Ukwephulwa kwemithetho kaPenaeus vannamei

Umzimba we-Penaeus vannamei kumele ubole njalo ukuze kufezwe injongo yokukhula. Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingu-28 ℃, ama-shrimp amancane abola kanye emahoreni angu-30 ~ 40; Ama-shrimp amancane anesisindo esingu-1 ~ 5g abola kanye ezinsukwini ezingu-4 ~ 6; Ama-prawn angaphezu kuka-15g ngokuvamile abola kanye emavikini ama-2.

Ⅱ, Ukuhlaziywa kwezimpawu eziningana kanye nezimbangela zokubola

1. Izimpawu eziningana zesikhathi sokubola

Igobolondo le-shrimp liqinile kakhulu, elivame ukwaziwa ngokuthi "i-iron skin shrimp". Inesisu esingenalutho noma isisu esisele. Ayikwazi ukubona kahle umgudu wamathumbu, umbala ebusweni bomzimba ujulile, futhi umbala ophuzi uyanda kakhulu. Ikakhulukazi, izinhlangothi zombili ze-operculum zimnyama, zibomvu futhi ziphuzi, imicu ye-gill ivuvukele, imhlophe, iphuzi futhi imnyama, kanti izinyathelo nezinyawo zimbozwe amabala abomvu. Uhlaka lwe-hepatopancreas lucacile, aluvuvukile noma alunawo umswakama, kanti uhlaka lwendawo yenhliziyo alucacile futhi luphuzi olunodaka.

2. I-Shrimp ivame ukuba nama-ciliate amaningi

Igobolondo le-shrimp liyisikhumba esinezingqimba ezimbili, esingasuswa ngokusijikisa isikhumba kancane. Isikhumba sibuthakathaka kakhulu, saziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "i-double skin shrimp" noma "i-Crispy Shrimp". Sincane, sine-melanin eningi ebusweni bomzimba, ukuvuvukala kanye nezilonda ze-gill filaments, ikakhulukazi ziphuzi futhi zimnyama. Zithulule amathumbu nesisu, amandla abuthakathaka. Zilele eduze kwechibi noma zizulazula emanzini, zibonisa izimpawu ze-hypoxia. Zizwela izinguquko zemvelo, zinezinguquko ezincane kanye nokwanda okukhulu kokufa.

3. Inqubo yokuncibilika okubushelelezi ingahlukaniswa cishe ngezigaba ezintathu ezilandelayo:

1) Ngaphambi kokubola, kubhekisela esikhathini esisukela ekupheleni kokubola kokugcina kuya ekuqaleni kokubola okulandelayo. Isikhathi siyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobude bomzimba, ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-12 neziyi-15. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, i-Penaeus vannamei yayiqoqa kakhulu ukudla okunomsoco, ikakhulukazi i-calcium.

2) Ukubola, imizuzwana embalwa kuphela kuya kwemizuzu engaphezu kweyishumi. Ukubola kudla amandla amaningi. Uma izimfanzi zibuthakathaka noma zingenakho ukudla okunomsoco emzimbeni, zivame ukubola zingaphelele futhi zakhe igobolondo elinezingqimba ezimbili.

3) Ngemva kokubola, kubhekisela esikhathini lapho isikhumba esisha sishintsha sisuka ekubeni mnene siye ekubeni lukhuni, futhi isikhathi singaba yizinsuku ezi-2 ~ 1.5 (ngaphandle kwezithombo ze-shrimp). Ngemva kokuba igobolondo elidala selisusiwe, igobolondo elisha alikwazi ukwakheka ngesikhathi, ngaleyo ndlela lakha "i-shrimp ethambile".

4. Ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi kanye nokuntuleka kokudla okunomsoco yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zesifo

Ukuwohloka kwekhwalithi yamanzi kuvame ukwenzeka emachibini anombala wamanzi ojiyile kakhulu, futhi ukucaca kucishe kube yi-zero. Kukhona amafilimu kawoyela kanye nenani elikhulu le-algae efile ebusweni bamanzi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuba nokuqhuma kwephunga lenhlanzi ebusweni bamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-algae iyanda ngamanani amakhulu, kanti i-oxygen encibilikisiwe ebusweni bamanzi igcwala kakhulu emini; Ebusuku, inani elikhulu le-algae liba yinto edla i-oxygen, okuholela ekutheni i-oxygen encibilikisiwe ibe ncane phansi kwechibi, okuthinta ukudla kwe-shrimp kanye nokubola kwayo. Isikhathi eside, igobolondo liqinile kakhulu.

5. Ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nobuthi obuvela ngaphandle kungabangela ukubola okungajwayelekile kwe-shrimp, okuyimbangela yokwakheka kwe-"double skin shrimp" kanye ne-"soft shell shrimp".

Ⅲ, Ukubaluleka kweukwengezwa kwe-calciumngesikhathi sokuncibilika kukaPenaeus vannamei:

I-calcium egcinwe emzimbeni we-shrimp ilahleka kakhulu. Uma umhlaba wangaphandle ungafakwanga ngesikhathi, i-Penaeus vannamei ayikwazi ukumunca i-calcium enikezwa umzimba wamanzi, okulula ukubangela ukwehluleka kokubola kwe-shrimp. Isikhathi segobolondo eliqinile ngemva kokubola side kakhulu. Uma ihlaselwa amagciwane noma icindezelekile ngalesi sikhathi, kulula kakhulu ukufa ngamaqoqo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele singeze i-calcium emzimbeni wamanzi ngezindlela zokwenziwa. I-shrimp ingamunca i-calcium namandla emzimbeni wamanzi ngokuphefumula nokungena emzimbeni.

I-Potassium diformate +i-calcium propionateukusiza ukubulala amagciwane emanzini kanye ne-calcium supplement akugcini nje ngokusiza i-penaeus vannamei ukuthi inyibilike kahle, kodwa futhi kuvimbele amabhaktheriya futhi kumelane nokucindezeleka, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe izinzuzo zokulima izimfanzi.