I-Betaine i-glycine methyl lactone ekhishwe ekucutshungulweni kwebhitrudi kashukela ngomkhiqizo. Kuyinto alkaloid quaternary amine. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-betaine ngoba yaqala ukuhlukaniswa ne-sugar beet molasses. I-Betaine itholakala ikakhulukazi kuma-molasses kashukela we-beet futhi ivamile ezitshalweni. Ingumnikezeli we-methyl ephumelelayo ezilwaneni, ibamba iqhaza ku-methyl metabolism ku-vivo, ingangena esikhundleni sengxenye ye-methionine ne-choline ekudleni, futhi inemiphumela yokukhuthaza ukuphakelwa kwezilwane nokukhula kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kokudla.

 

1.

Umgomo wokukhangwa kokudla kwe-betaine uwukugqugquzela iphunga kanye nokunambitheka kwezinhlanzi nezimfanzi ngokuba nobumnandi obuyingqayizivele nobusha obubucayi bezinhlanzi nezimfanzi, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokukhanga ukudla. Ukwengeza i-0.5% ~ 1.5% ye-betaine ekudleni kwezinhlanzi kunomphumela onamandla ovuselelayo ephunga kanye nokunambitheka kwazo zonke izinhlanzi, izimfanzi nezinye ama-crustaceans, ngokukhanga okuqinile kokudla, ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kokuphakelayo, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokudla Ukukhuthaza ukugaya nokumuncwa, ukusheshisa ukukhula kwezinhlanzi nezimfanzi, futhi ugweme ukungcoliswa kwamanzi okuphakelayo.

2.

I-Betaine ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezinhlanzi nezimfanzi, ithuthukise ukumelana nezifo kanye nokuzivikela komzimba, ithuthukise izinga lokusinda kanye nezinga lokuguqulwa kokudla. Ukwengezwa kwe-betaine kunomthelela omkhulu ekukhuthazeni ukukhula kwezinhlanzi ezincane nezimfanzi kanye nokwenza ngcono izinga lokusinda. Inzuzo yesisindo se-rainbow trout edla i-betaine ikhuphuke ngo-23.5%, futhi i-coefficient yokudla yehle ngo-14.01%; Inzuzo yesisindo se-salmon yase-Atlantic inyuke ngo-31.9% futhi i-feed coefficient yehle ngo-20.8%. Lapho i-0.3% ~ 0.5% ye-betaine yengezwa ekudleni okuhlanganisiwe kwe-carp enezinyanga ezimbili ubudala, inzuzo yansuku zonke inyuke ngo-41% ~ 49% kanye ne-coefficient yokuphakelayo yehle ngo-14% ~ 24%. Ukwengezwa kwe-betaine engu-0.3% ehlanzekile noma ehlanganisiwe ekudleni kungakhuthaza kakhulu ukukhula kwe-tilapia futhi kunciphise i-coefficient yokudla. Lapho i-betaine engu-1.5% yengezwa ekudleni kwenkalankala yasemfuleni, inzuzo yesisindo sensalela yenkalankala yakhuphuka ngo-95.3% futhi izinga lokusinda lenyuka ngo-38%.