Ukudla kuyisihluthulelo sengulube ukuthi idle kahle. Kuyisilinganiso esidingekayo sokwengeza ukudla okunomsoco kwengulube nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yemikhiqizo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obusakazeke kabanzi emhlabeni. Ngokuvamile, ingxenye yezithasiselo zokudla ekudleni ngeke idlule u-4%, okuphakeme, futhi izindleko zokwenyusa zizokhuphuka ngokungenakugwenywa, okungafanele izindleko zabalimi.

Umbuzo 1: kungani izingulube zidinga ukudla kanye nezithasiselo zokudla manje?

Amafutha engulube, isihluthulelo siwukudla usuthe, udle kahle.

UQiao Shiyan, uprofesa e-China Agricultural University, uthe ukudla kuyisihluthulelo sokuthi izingulube zidle kahle.izithasiselo zokudlakuyizinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesiqinisekiso sobuchwepheshe semboni yesimanje yezingulube, izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokwengeza ukudla kwengulube nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, kanye nobuchwepheshe obukhuthazwa kabanzi emhlabeni. Ubuchwepheshe bokuzalanisa, ukusetshenziswa kokudla, umjikelezo wokuzalanisa, isisindo sezingulube, ikhwalithi yenyama kanye nokuphepha komkhiqizo waseShayina ngokuyisisekelo kufana nokwase-United States, eJalimane, eDenmark nakwamanye amazwe amakhulu ezingulube, Ngokuhambisana nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke kanye nezindinganiso zokuhweba ngokungenisa nokuthumela kwamanye amazwe.

Izithasiselo zokudla, okuhlanganisaizithasiselo zokudla okunempilo, izithasiselo ezijwayelekile kanyeizithasiselo zemithi, kunethonya elincane ekudleni. Ukudla okukodwa kwendabuko kungaxazulula inkinga "yokusutha" kwezingulube, kanti izithasiselo zokudla okunempilo ikakhulukazi ama-amino acid namavithamini ebanga lokuphakelwa, okuwukuxazulula inkinga "yokudla kahle" kwezingulube. Ukwengeza inani elifanele lezithasiselo zemithi ekudleni kungavimbela futhi kulawule ngempumelelo izifo ezivamile neziningi zezingulube. Ngokusebenzisa isikhathi sokuhoxiswa kwemithi esigabeni sokudla, izinsalela zemithi engulubeni zingalawulwa ngendlela engenangozi. Ukwengeza ama-antioxidants nezinye izithasiselo ezijwayelekile ekudleni, eziningi zazo ezivame kakhulu ezithasiselo embonini yokudla, zingezinga lokudla, futhi azilimazi ukukhula kwezingulube noma ikhwalithi yengulube.

Umbuso uvimbela ngokusobala ukufaka i-phenobarbital kanye neminye imithi yokudambisa i-hypnotic kanye ne-anticonvulsant ekudleni. Akudingeki ukufaka amaphilisi okulala ukuze izingulube zilale kakhudlwana, zinyakaze kancane futhi zikhule ngokushesha, ngoba umsebenzi wezingulube ezithunjiwe mncane kakhulu, ngakho-ke imithi yokudambisa ayidingeki. I-Urea, i-Arsenic Preparation kanye nethusi kuvunyelwe ukungezwa ekudleni, kodwa konke kunemibandela ehambisanayo futhi akufanele kusetshenziswe ngokuthanda. I-Urea uhlobo lomanyolo one-nitrogen eningi. Uma inani elincane le-urea lisetshenziswa ezifuyweni ezifana nezinkomo nezimvu, lingabola yi-urease ekhishwa yi-rumen microorganisms yezilwane ezifuywayo, bese lingamuncwa futhi ligaywe ngokwenziwa kweprotheni. Izingulube azinawo nhlobo u-rumen, ngakho-ke kunzima ukusebenzisa i-nitrogen ku-urea. Uma umthamo umkhulu kakhulu, uzoholela ngisho nasekufeni kwezingulube. Ngokuphathelene nomphumela wokufaka ithusi, ukufaka inani elifanele lethusi ekudleni kuphela okungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezingulube. Indinganiso ethile yokwengeza inani elifanele lethusi ukuthi inani lesengezo sethusi ekudleni okungu-1000 kg akufanele lidlule amagremu angu-200.

Umbuzo 2: Izingulube zingakhula kanjani zibe yi-200-300 Jin ngemva kwezinyanga eziyi-6?

Ikhwalithi kanye nobuningi bezingulube, ukuzalanisa ngokwesayensi kuyisihluthulelo.

UWang Lixian, umcwaningi e-Beijing Institute of animal husbandry and veterinary medicine ye-Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, uthe ukufuywa kwezingulube zesayensi kungaqinisekisa kokubili ikhwalithi kanye nobuningi. Njengamanje, umjikelezo ojwayelekile wokuzalisa izingulube ngokuvamile uyizinsuku ezingu-150-180. Izizathu eziyinhloko zokukhula okusheshayo kanye nomjikelezo omfushane wokukhuluphala kwezingulube "zintathu ezinhle": ingulube enhle, ukudla okuhle kanye nombuthano omuhle, okungukuthi, uhlobo lwezingulube oluhle,okuphakelayo okuphephilekanye nendawo yokuzalela ethuthukisiwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwezingulube zokuhweba ikakhulukazi kuyinhlanganisela ye-ternary ye-Duroc, i-Landrace kanye nezingulube ezinkulu ezimhlophe. Kujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zingulube ezisezingeni eliphezulu zithengiswe cishe ezinsukwini eziyi-160. Isikhathi sokuthengisa sezingulube zakwamanye amazwe ezingcono sifushane. Isikhathi sokukhuluphala sezingulube ezixubile nezinhlobo zasendaweni side kakhulu, kanti isikhathi sokuzalela esimaphakathi siyizinsuku eziyi-180-200.

Ezigabeni ezahlukene zokukhuluphalisa ngaphambi kokuhlatshwa kwezingulube, umthamo wokudla uhlukile, kanti umthamo wokudla okuphelele ungama-300 kg. Umjikelezo wokukhula kwezingulube uzokhushulwa okungenani inyanga eyodwa uma zingaphakelwa ukudla kwengulube futhi zondliwa kuphela ngokudla kwengulube kwendabuko okufana nokusanhlamvu okuqinile notshani bezingulube. Ukuthuthukiswa nokusetshenziswa kokudla kwesimanje kanye nezithasiselo zokudla kuthuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokuguqulwa kokudla, kunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqizwa kwezingulube, futhi kubeka isisekelo esiqinile sesayensi semboni yezingulube ukuze kutholakale izinzuzo ezinhle zomphakathi nezomnotho. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi ngokusetshenziswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe besimanje bokudla, izinga lokuguqulwa kokudla kwefomula eShayina likhuphuke kakhulu, kanti izinga lomnikelo wesayensi nobuchwepheshe ekukhuliseni izilwane lidlule u-40%. Izinga lokuguqulwa kokudla kwefomula yezingulube likhuphuke lisuka ku-4 ∶ 1 kuya ku-3 ∶ 1. Esikhathini esidlule, kwakuthatha unyaka owodwa ukukhulisa ingulube, kodwa manje ingathengiswa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, okuyinto engenakuhlukaniswa nentuthuko elinganiselayo yokudla kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuzalanisa.

UWang Lixian uthe imboni yengulube yesimanje ebonakala ngokuzalanisa izingulube ezinkulu ithuthuka ngokushesha, futhi umqondo wokuzalanisa kanye nezinga lokuphatha lithuthuka njalo. Ngokuthuthukisa indawo yokuzalanisa nokusebenzisa ukwelashwa okungenangozi komquba wezilwane, izinkinga zezifo ezinkulu eziwumshayabhuqe kanye nezinsalela zama-antibiotic zaxazululwa kancane kancane. Umjikelezo wokukhula kwezingulube wancishiswa kancane kancane, futhi isisindo sengulube ngayinye ngokuvamile sasingaba ngu-200 kg.