UKUBALULEKA KOKUDLA I-BETAINE EZINKUKWENI

Njengoba iNdiya iyizwe elishisayo, ukucindezeleka kokushisa kungenye yezingqinamba ezinkulu iNdiya ebhekene nazo. Ngakho-ke, ukwethulwa kwe-Betaine kungaba wusizo kubafuyi bezinkukhu. I-Betaine itholakale ikhulisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu ngokusiza ekunciphiseni ukucindezeleka kokushisa. Iphinde isize ekwandiseni i-FCR yezinyoni kanye nokugaya kahle kwe-fiber eluhlaza kanye ne-protein eluhlaza. Ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ye-osmoregulatory, i-Betaine ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinyoni ezithintekile yi-coccidiosis. Iphinde isize ekwandiseni isisindo esincane sezidumbu zezinkukhu.

AMAGAMA AYISIHLOKO

I-Betaine, Ukucindezeleka kokushisa, Umnikeli we-Methyl, Isithasiselo sokudla

ISINGENISO

Esimweni sezolimo saseNdiya, umkhakha wezinkukhu ungenye yezingxenye ezikhula ngokushesha. Njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda nenyama kukhuphuka ngesilinganiso esingu-8-10% ngonyaka, iNdiya manje isingumkhiqizi wamaqanda wesihlanu ngobukhulu kanye nomkhiqizi weshumi nesishiyagalombili ngobukhulu wezinkukhu. Kodwa ukuba yizwe elishisayo, ukucindezeleka kokushisa kungenye yezinkinga ezinkulu ezibhekene nemboni yezinkukhu eNdiya. Ukucindezeleka kokushisa kwenzeka lapho izinyoni zivezwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu kunezinga eliphezulu, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukusebenza kahle komzimba okuthinta ukukhula nokusebenza kahle kwezinyoni. Kuphinde kuthinte kabi ukuthuthukiswa kwamathumbu okuholela ekunciphiseni ukugaya izakhamzimba futhi kunciphisa nokudla okudliwayo.

Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa ngokuphathwa kwengqalasizinda njengokuhlinzeka ngendlu evalekile, ama-air conditioner, isikhala esengeziwe sezinyoni kuvame ukubiza kakhulu. Esimweni esinjalo ukwelashwa okunomsoco kusetshenziswa izithasiselo zokudla ezifanaI-Betainekusiza ekuxazululeni inkinga yokucindezeleka kokushisa. I-Betaine iyi-alkaloid ekristalu equkethe ukudla okunempilo okuningi etholakala kuma-sugar beet nakwezinye izidlo ezisetshenziswe ekwelapheni ukuphazamiseka kwesibindi kanye nesisu kanye nokulawula ukucindezeleka kokushisa ezinkukhu. Itholakala njenge-betaine anhydrous ekhishwe kuma-sugar beet, i-betaine hydrochloride evela ekukhiqizweni kokwenziwa. Isebenza njengomnikeli we-methyl osiza ekuvuseleleni i-homocysteine ​​​​ku-methionine enkukhu kanye nokwenza amakhemikhali awusizo njenge-carnitine, i-creatinine kanye ne-phosphatidyl choline ibe yindlela ye-S-adenosyl methionine. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo kwe-zwitterionic, isebenza njenge-osmolyte esiza ekugcinweni kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwamaseli.

Izinzuzo zokudla i-betaine ezinkukhu –

• Kwandisa izinga lokukhula kwezinkukhu ngokusindisa amandla asetshenziswa ku-Na+ k+ pump ekushiseni okuphezulu futhi kuvumela la mandla ukuthi asetshenziswe ekukhuleni.
• URatriyanto, nabanye (2017) babike ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-betaine ngo-0.06% kanye no-0.12% kubangela ukwanda kokugayeka kweprotheyini eluhlaza kanye nefayibha eluhlaza.
• Futhi kwandisa ukugayeka kwe-dry matter, i-ether extract kanye ne-non-nitrogen fiber extract ngokusiza ekwandiseni i-mucosa yamathumbu okuthuthukisa ukumuncwa nokusetshenziswa kwezakhamzimba.
• Kuthuthukisa ukuhlushwa kwama-fatty acid amafushane njenge-acetic acid kanye ne-propionic acid adingekayo ukusingatha i-lactobacillus kanye ne-Bifidobacterium ezinkukhu.
• Inkinga yokulahlwa kwamanzi kanye nokwehla kwekhwalithi yodoti okulandelayo kungathuthukiswa ngokufaka i-betaine emanzini ngokuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuphezulu ezinyonini ezibhekene nokucindezeleka kokushisa.
• Ukwengezwa kwe-Betaine kuthuthukisa ukudla kwe-FCR @1.5-2 Gm/kg (Attia, et al, 2009)
• Ingumnikeli we-methyl ongcono uma kuqhathaniswa ne-choline chloride kanye ne-methionine maqondana nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.

Imiphumela ye-Betaine ku-coccidiosis –

I-Coccidiosis ihlotshaniswa nokuphazamiseka kwe-osmotic kanye ne-ionic njengoba ibangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni kanye nohudo. I-Betaine ngenxa yendlela yayo yokukhipha indle ivumela ukusebenza okuvamile kwamaseli ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kwamanzi. I-Betaine uma ihlanganiswa ne-ionophore coccidiostat (salinomycin) inomphumela omuhle ekusebenzeni kwezinyoni ngesikhathi se-coccidiosis ngokuvimbela ukuhlasela kwe-coccidial kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwayo kanye ngokungaqondile ngokusekela isakhiwo nomsebenzi wamathumbu.

Indima ekukhiqizweni kwe-Broiler –

I-Betaine ivuselela i-oxidative catabolism yama-fatty acid ngendima yayo ekwakhiweni kwe-carnitine futhi ngaleyo ndlela isetshenziswe njengendlela yokwandisa amafutha amancane nokunciphisa amafutha esidunjini senkukhu (Saunderson kanye no-macKinlay, 1990). Ithuthukisa isisindo sesidumbu, iphesenti lokugqoka, iphesenti lethanga, isifuba kanye nephesenti le-giblets ezingeni lika-0.1-0.2% ekudleni. Iphinde ithinte ukubekwa kwamafutha namaprotheni futhi inciphise isibindi esinamafutha futhi inciphise amafutha esiswini.

Indima ekukhiqizweni kwezingqimba –

Imiphumela ye-betaine yokukhulisa izicubu ivumela izinyoni ukuthi zibhekane nokucindezeleka kokushisa okuvame ukuthinta izingqimba eziningi ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Ezikhukhwini ezizalelayo, kwatholakala ukwehla okukhulu kwesibindi esinamafutha kanye nokwenyuka kwezinga le-betaine ekudleni.

ISIPHETHO

Kuzo zonke izingxoxo ezingenhla kungaphethwa ngokuthii-betaineingabhekwa njengesengezo sokudla esingaba khona esingagcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kanye nesivinini sokukhula ezinyonini kodwa futhi siyindlela engcono kakhulu ngokwezomnotho. Umphumela obaluleke kakhulu we-betaine yikhono layo lokulwa nokucindezeleka kokushisa. Futhi iyindlela engcono futhi eshibhile ye-methionine ne-choline futhi futhi imuncwa ngokushesha. Ayinazo nemiphumela emibi ezinyonini futhi futhi ayinazo izinkinga zempilo yomphakathi kanye namanye ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa ezinkukhu.