I-Potassium Formate, isengezo sokuqala sokuphakelayo esingewona ama-antibiotic esagunyazwa yi-European Union ngo-2001 futhi savunywa uMnyango Wezolimo wase-China ngo-2005, siqongelele uhlelo lwesicelo esivuthiwe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10, futhi amaphepha amaningi ocwaningo ngaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe abike imiphumela yawo ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene zokukhula kwezingulube.

I-Necrotizing enteritis isifo sezinkukhu emhlabeni wonke esibangelwa amagciwane e-gram-positive (i-Clostridium perfringens), ezokwandisa ukufa kwezinkukhu ezinkukhu futhi yehlise ukukhula kwezinkukhu ngendlela encane. Yomibili le miphumela ilimaza inhlalakahle yezilwane futhi ilethe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwezomnotho ekukhiqizeni izinkukhu. Ekukhiqizweni kwangempela, ama-antibiotics ngokuvamile ayengezwa ukuze avimbele ukuvela kwe-necrotizing enteritis. Kodwa-ke, ikhwelo lokuvinjelwa kwama-antibiotic ekudleni liyakhula, futhi ezinye izixazululo ziyadingeka ukuze kuthathelwe indawo umphumela wokuvimbela wama-antibiotic. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukwengeza ama-asidi ephilayo noma usawoti wawo ekudleni kungavimbela okuqukethwe kwe-Clostridium perfringens, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukuvela kwe-necrotizing enteritis. I-Potassium Formate ibola ibe yi-formic acid ne-potassium formate emathunjini. Ngenxa ye-covalent bond impahla ekushiseni, enye i-formic acid ingena ngokuphelele emathunjini. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise inkukhu etheleleke nge-necrotizing enteritis njengemodeli yocwaningo ukuze kuphenywe imiphumelaukwakheka kwe-potassiumekusebenzeni kwayo kokukhula, i-microbiota yamathumbu, kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-acid yamaketanga amafushane.

1. Umphumela weI-Potassium DiformateEkukhuleni Kwezinkukhu Ezinkukhu Ezitheleleke Nge-Necrotizing Enteritis.

Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonise ukuthi i-potassium formate yayingenawo umthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kokukhula kwama-broilers noma ngaphandle kwe-necrotizing enteritis infection, ehambisana nemiphumela yocwaningo lukaHernandez et al. (2006). Kwatholakala ukuthi umthamo ofanayo we-calcium formate wawungenawo umthelela omkhulu ekuzuzeni isisindo sansuku zonke kanye nesilinganiso sokudla kwezinkukhu zenyama, kodwa lapho ukungezwa kwe-calcium formate kufinyelela ku-15 g/kg, kwanciphisa kakhulu ukusebenza kokukhula kwezinkukhu (uPatten noWaldroup, 1988). Nokho, u-Selle et al. (2004) bathole ukuthi ukwengeza u-6 g/kg we-potassium formate ekudleni kwandisa kakhulu isisindo kanye nokudla okudliwayo kwezinkukhu ze-broiler ngezinsuku ezingu-16-35. Njengamanje kunemibiko embalwa yocwaningo mayelana nendima yama-asidi e-organic ekuvimbeleni ukutheleleka nge-necrotizing enteritis. Lokhu kuhlola kuthole ukuthi ukwengeza u-4 g/kg we-potassium formate ekudleni kwehlise kakhulu izinga lokufa kwezinkukhu zenyama, kodwa abukho ubuhlobo bomphumela womthamo phakathi kokuncipha kwezinga lokufa kanye nenani le-potassium formate elengeziwe.

2. Umphumela weI-Potassium DiformateKokuqukethwe Kwe-Microbial Ezicubu Nezitho Zenyama Yenkukhu Etheleleke Nge-Necrotizing Enteritis

Ukwengezwa kwe-zinc ye-bacitracin engu-45mg/kg ekudleni kunciphisa ukufa kwezinkukhu ezitheleleke nge-necrotizing enteritis, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-Clostridium perfringens ku-jejunum, okwakuhambisana nemiphumela yocwaningo luka-Kocher et al. (2004). Kwakungekho mphumela obalulekile wokwengezwa kwe-potassium diformate ekudleni kokuqukethwe kwe-Clostridium perfringens ku-jejunum yama-broilers angenwe yi-necrotizing enteritis izinsuku eziyi-15. Walsh et al. (2004) ithole ukuthi ukudla okune-asidi ephezulu kunomphumela omubi kuma-asidi e-organic, ngakho-ke, i-asidi ephezulu yokudla okunamaprotheni amaningi ingase inciphise umphumela wokuvimbela we-potassium formate ku-necrotizing enteritis. Lokhu kuhlola kuphinde kwathola ukuthi i-potassium formate yandisa okuqukethwe kwe-lactobacilli esiswini semisipha yenkukhu ye-broiler engu-35d, engahambisani ne-Knarreborg et al. (2002) ukuthola ku-in vitro ukuthi i-potassium formate yehlisa ukukhula kwe-lactobacilli esiswini sengulube.

3.Umthelela we-potassium 3-dimethylformate ku-pH yezicubu kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-acid ewuchungechunge olufushane ezinkukhwini zenyama ezingenwe yi-necrotizing enteritis.

Umphumela we-antibacterial we-organic acids kukholakala ukuthi uyenzeka ikakhulukazi engxenyeni engenhla yomgudu wokugaya ukudla. Imiphumela yalolu cwaningo yabonisa ukuthi i-potassium dicarboxylate yandisa okuqukethwe kwe-formic acid ku-duodenum ezinsukwini ezingu-15 kanye ne-jejunum ezinsukwini ezingu-35. UMroz (2005) uthole ukuthi kunezinto eziningi ezithinta ukusebenza kwe-organic acid, njengesiphakeli se-pH, i-buffering/acidity, kanye nebhalansi ye-electrolyte yokudla. I-acidity ephansi kanye namanani aphezulu ebhalansi ye-electrolyte ekudleni kungakhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwefomathi ye-potassium ibe yi-formic acid ne-potassium formate. Ngakho-ke, izinga elifanele le-acidity kanye namanani ebhalansi ye-electrolyte ekudleni kungathuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kokukhula kwezinkukhu ngefomathi ye-potassium kanye nomphumela wayo wokuvimbela ku-necrotizing enteritis.

Isiphetho

Imiphumela yeukwakheka kwe-potassiumkumodeli ye-necrotizing enteritis ezinkukhuni ze-broiler kubonise ukuthi i-potassium formate inganciphisa ukwehla kokukhula kokukhula kwezinkukhu ze-broiler ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ngokwandisa isisindo somzimba kanye nokunciphisa ukufa, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla ukulawula ukutheleleka kwe-necrotizing enteritis ezinkukhu ze-broiler.