Ehlobo, izitshalo zibhekana nezingcindezi eziningi ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukukhanya okunamandla, isomiso (ukucindezeleka kwamanzi), kanye nokucindezeleka kwe-oxidative. I-Betaine, njengomlawuli obalulekile we-osmotic kanye nesithako esivikelayo esihambisanayo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekumelaneni kwezitshalo nalezi zingcindezi zasehlobo. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ifaka:

1. Umthethonqubo wokugeleza kwamanzi:
Gcina ingcindezi ye-turgor yeseli:

Ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nesomiso kubangela ukuthi izitshalo zilahlekelwe amanzi, okuholela ekwandeni kwamandla e-cytoplasmic osmotic (ukuba lukhuni), okubangela kalula ukuphelelwa amanzi kanye nokubuna kwamaseli avela kuma-vacuoles azungezile noma izindonga zamaseli anomthamo oqinile wokumunca amanzi. I-Betaine iqoqana ngobuningi ku-cytoplasm, inciphisa ngempumelelo amandla e-osmotic e-cytoplasm, isize amaseli agcine ingcindezi ephezulu ye-turgor, ngaleyo ndlela amelane nokuphelelwa amanzi futhi agcine ubuqotho besakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wamaseli.

Ingcindezi ye-osmotic ye-vacuolar elinganiselayo:

Inani elikhulu lama-ion angaphili (njenge-K⁺, Cl⁻, njll.) aqoqana ku-vacuole ukuze alondoloze ingcindezi ye-osmotic. I-Betaine ikhona kakhulu ku-cytoplasm, futhi ukuqongelela kwayo kusiza ukulinganisela umehluko wengcindezi ye-osmotic phakathi kwe-cytoplasm nama-vacuole, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-cytoplasm ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokweqile.

2. Ukuvikela ama-biomolecule:
Isakhiwo samaprotheni esizinzile:

Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela kalula ukuwohloka kweprotheyini kanye nokungasebenzi. Ama-molecule e-Betaine athwala amacala amahle nangalungile (zwitterionic) futhi angazinzisa ukwakheka kwemvelo kwamaprotheni ngokubopha i-hydrogen kanye nokumuncwa kwamanzi, ukuvimbela ukugoqeka, ukuhlangana, noma ukuwohloka kweprotheyini emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni umsebenzi we-enzyme, amaprotheni abalulekile ku-photosynthesis, kanye nemisebenzi yamanye amaprotheni okushintshashintsha kwe-metabolic.

Uhlelo lwefilimu oluvikelayo:

Izinhlobo zokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo zingalimaza isakhiwo se-lipid bilayer se-membrane yamaseli (njenge-membrane ye-thylakoid kanye ne-plasma membranes), okuholela ekugelezeni kwe-membrane okungavamile, ukuvuza, ngisho nokuqhekeka. I-Betaine ingazinzisa isakhiwo se-membrane, igcine ukugeleza kwayo okuvamile kanye nokungena kwayo okukhethiwe, futhi ivikele ubuqotho bezitho ze-photosynthetic kanye nama-organelles.

3. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Antioxidant:
Gcina ibhalansi ye-osmotic futhi unciphise umonakalo wesibili obangelwa ukucindezeleka.

Ukuqinisa isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wama-enzyme e-antioxidant (njenge-superoxide dismutase, i-catalase, i-ascorbate peroxidase, njll.), kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuvikela i-antioxidant lwesitshalo, futhi kusize ngokungaqondile ukususa izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo.
Ukususwa okungaqondile kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo:

Ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu ehlobo kungabangela ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo eziningi ze-oxygen ezisabelayo ezitshalweni, okubangela umonakalo we-oxidative. Nakuba i-betaine ngokwayo ingeyona i-antioxidant enamandla, ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa:

4. Ukuvikela i-photosynthesis:
Ukushisa okuphezulu kanye nokucindezeleka okukhulu kokukhanya kubangela umonakalo omkhulu endleleni eyinhloko ye-photosynthesis, i-photosystem II. I-Betaine ingavikela ulwelwesi lwe-thylakoid, igcine ukuzinza kwe-photosystem II complex, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kweketanga lokuthuthwa kwama-electron, futhi inciphise ukuvinjelwa kwe-photosynthesis.

5. Njengomnikeli we-methyl:

I-Betaine ingenye yabanikeli be-methyl ababalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo, ehilelekile emjikelezweni we-methionine. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka, ingabamba iqhaza ekuhlanganisweni noma ekulawulweni kwe-metabolic kwezinye izinto ezisabela ekucindezelekeni ngokunikeza amaqembu e-methyl.

Ngamafuphi, ngesikhathi sasehlobo esishisayo, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-betaine ezitshalweni yilokhu:

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokumelana nesomiso:ukulwa nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa umthetho we-osmotic.
Ukuvikelwa kokumelana nokushisa:ivikela amaprotheni, ama-enzyme, kanye nolwelwesi lwamaseli ekulimaleni kokushisa okuphezulu.

Ukumelana ne-oxidation:kuthuthukisa amandla e-antioxidant futhi kunciphisa umonakalo we-photooxidative.
Gcina i-photosynthesis:vikela izitho ze-photosynthesis futhi ugcine ukuhlinzekwa kwamandla ayisisekelo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho izitshalo zibona izimpawu zokucindezeleka njengokushisa okuphezulu kanye nesomiso, zivuselela indlela yokwenziwa kwe-betaine (ikakhulukazi ngokusebenzisa i-oxidation yezinyathelo ezimbili ye-choline kuma-chloroplast), ziqoqa i-betaine ngenkuthalo ukuze zithuthukise ukumelana kwazo nokucindezeleka futhi zithuthukise ikhono lazo lokusinda ezindaweni zasehlobo ezinzima. Ezinye izitshalo ezibekezelela isomiso kanye nosawoti (ezifana ne-sugar beet uqobo, isipinashi, ukolweni, ibhali, njll.) zinekhono elinamandla lokuqongelela i-betaine.

Ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, ukufafaza i-betaine ngaphandle nakho kusetshenziswa njenge-biostimulant ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwezitshalo (njengommbila, utamatisi, upelepele, njll.) ekushiseni okuphezulu kwasehlobo kanye nokucindezeleka kwesomiso.