Ehlobo, izitshalo zibhekana nezingcindezi eziningi ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu, ukukhanya okunamandla, isomiso (ukucindezeleka kwamanzi), nokucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative. I-Betaine, njengesilawuli se-osmotic esibalulekile kanye ne-solute ehambisanayo evikelayo, idlala indima ebalulekile ekumelaneni kwezitshalo nalezi zingcindezi zasehlobo. Imisebenzi yayo eyinhloko ihlanganisa:

1. Umthetho we-Permeation:
Gcina ingcindezi ye-cell turgor:

Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nesomiso kubangela ukuthi izitshalo zilahlekelwe amanzi, okuholela ekwandeni kwekhono le-cytoplasmic osmotic (eliba denser), okubangela kalula ukuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi kanye nokushwabana kwamangqamuzana avela kuma-vacuoles azungezile noma izindonga zamaseli ezinamandla anamandla okumunca amanzi. I-Betaine iqoqa ngamanani amakhulu ku-cytoplasm, inciphisa ngokuphumelelayo amandla e-osmotic we-cytoplasm, isiza amangqamuzana ukuthi agcine ukucindezela okuphezulu kwe-turgor, ngaleyo ndlela amelane nokuphelelwa amandla kwamanzi futhi agcine ubuqotho besakhiwo seseli nokusebenza.

Ingcindezi ye-osmotic ye-vacuolar elinganiselwe:

Inani elikhulu lama-ion we-inorganic (njenge-K ⁺, Cl ⁻, njll.) linqwabelana ku-vacuole ukuze kugcinwe umfutho we-osmotic. I-Betaine itholakala ikakhulukazi ku-cytoplasm, futhi ukunqwabelana kwayo kusiza ukulinganisa umehluko wengcindezi ye-osmotic phakathi kwe-cytoplasm nama-vacuoles, ukuvimbela ukulimala ku-cytoplasm ngenxa yokuphelelwa amanzi ngokweqile.

2. Ukuvikela ama-biomolecules:
Isakhiwo samaprotheni esizinzile:

Amazinga okushisa aphezulu angabangela kalula ukuguqulwa kwamaprotheni kanye nokungasebenzi. Ama-molecule e-Betaine athwala amashaji avumayo kanye namabi (zwitterionic) futhi angakwazi ukuzinzisa ukuhlangana kwemvelo kwamaphrotheni ngokusebenzisa i-hydrogen bonding kanye ne-hydration, avimbele ukugoqa okungalungile, ukuhlanganisa, noma ukuguquguquka kumazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lokhu kubalulekile ekugcineni umsebenzi wama-enzyme, amaprotheni abalulekile ku-photosynthesis, kanye nemisebenzi yamanye amaprotheni e-metabolic.

Isistimu yefilimu evikelayo:

Izinga lokushisa eliphezulu nezinhlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo zingalimaza isakhiwo se-lipid bilayer se-membrane yeseli (njenge-thylakoid membrane kanye ne-plasma membranes), okuholela ku-fluidity ye-membrane engavamile, ukuvuza, ngisho nokuhlakazeka. I-Betaine ingakwazi ukusimamisa ukwakheka kolwelwesi, igcine uketshezi lwayo olujwayelekile kanye nokungena okukhethiwe, futhi ivikele ubuqotho bezitho ze-photosynthetic nama-organelles.

3. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Antioxidant:
Gcina ibhalansi ye-osmotic futhi unciphise ukulimala kwesibili okubangelwa ukucindezeleka.

Zinzisa ukwakheka nomsebenzi wama-enzyme e-antioxidant (njenge-superoxide dismutase, i-catalase, i-ascorbate peroxidase, njll.), uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle kohlelo lokuvikela i-antioxidant lwesitshalo, futhi usize ngokungaqondile ukusula izinhlobo zomoya-mpilo osebenzayo.
Ukususwa okungaqondile kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo:

Ukukhanya kwelanga okunamandla namazinga okushisa aphezulu ehlobo kungabangela ukukhiqizwa kwenani elikhulu lezinhlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo ezitshalweni, kubangele ukulimala kwe-oxidative. Nakuba i-betaine ngokwayo ingeyona i-antioxidant eqinile, ingafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa:

4. Ukuvikela i-photosynthesis:
Ukushisa okuphezulu nokucindezeleka kokukhanya okunamandla kubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumshini oyinhloko we-photosynthesis, i-photosystem II. I-Betaine ingavikela ulwelwesi lwe-thylakoid, igcine ukuzinza kwenkimbinkimbi ye-photosystem II, iqinisekise ukusebenza kahle kochungechunge lwezokuthutha lwama-electron, futhi inciphise ukuvinjelwa kwe-photosynthesis.

5. Njengomnikeli we-methyl:

I-Betaine ingomunye wabanikeli be-methyl ebalulekile ezintweni eziphilayo, ezibandakanyeka kumjikelezo we-methionine. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezeleka, ingase ibambe iqhaza ekuhlanganiseni noma ekulawuleni umzimba wezinto ezithile ezisabelayo ekucindezelekeni ngokunikeza amaqembu e-methyl.

Kafushane, ngesikhathi sehlobo elishisayo, umsebenzi oyinhloko we-betaine ezitshalweni uthi:

Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokumelana nesomiso:ukulwa nokuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ngokusebenzisa ukulawulwa kwe-osmotic.
Ukuvikela ukumelana nokushisa:ivikela amaprotheni, ama-enzyme, nolwelwesi lwamangqamuzana emonakalweni wokushisa okuphezulu.

Ukumelana ne-oxidation:ithuthukisa amandla e-antioxidant futhi inciphisa ukulimala kwe-photooxidative.
Gcina i-photosynthesis:vikela izitho ze-photosynthetic futhi ugcine amandla ayisisekelo.

Ngakho-ke, lapho izitshalo zibona izimpawu zokucindezeleka ezifana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu nesomiso, zivula indlela ye-betaine synthesis (ikakhulukazi nge-oxidation yezinyathelo ezimbili ze-choline kuma-chloroplasts), ziqoqa ngenkuthalo i-betaine ukuze zithuthukise ukumelana kwazo nokucindezeleka futhi zithuthukise ikhono lazo lokusinda ezindaweni zasehlobo ezinonya. Ezinye izitshalo ezikwazi ukumelana nesomiso nosawoti (ezifana ne-sugar beet ngokwazo, isipinashi, ukolweni, ibhali, njll.) zinamandla amakhulu okuqongelela i-betaine.

Emkhiqizweni wezolimo, ukufuthwa kwangaphandle kwe-betaine kusetshenziswa futhi njenge-biostimulant ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nezitshalo (njengommbila, utamatisi, upelepele, njll.) ehlobo lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nengcindezi yesomiso.