Ekufuyweni kwezinhlanzi, ingabe uvame ukuhlangana nezimo lapho izinhlanzi zingathandi ukudla futhi inani elikhulu lokudla liyachithwa?

Ukhathazekile ngezinguquko ezisheshayo ekubuneni kukasawoti, amazinga aphezulu okufa okubangelwa ukuhamba kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwechibi? Noma ukhathazwa yizinkinga zesibindi ezinamafutha ezibangelwa ukudla okunamafutha amaningi?

Ukubhekana nalezi zinselele,I-Betaineinikeza ikhambi lesayensi nelisebenzayo. Lesi sithako semvelo esitholakala ku-sugar beet, ngemisebenzi yaso ehlukahlukene eyingqayizivele yomzimba, singathuthukisa kakhulu ukunambitheka kokudla, sithuthukise ikhono lesilwane lokumelana nokucindezeleka, sikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha futhi sivikele impilo yesibindi. Siyisikhali esinamandla sokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwezolimo.

I-Betainekuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekufakeni ukudlaukulima izinhlanzi, enemisebenzi ehlukahlukene nemiphumela ebalulekile, ebonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Okukhanga kakhulu:

• Lona umsebenzi owaziwa kakhulu futhi osetshenziswa kabanzi we-betaine.
• Inokunambitheka okumnandi nokumnandi okufana nama-amino acid, okungavuselela kakhulu umuzwa wokuhogela nokunambitheka kwezilwane zasemanzini (izinhlanzi, izimfanzi, izinkalankala, njll.).
• Kungafihla iphunga elibangelwa izinto ezithile eziyingozi ekudleni, njengezinto ezilwa nokudla okunempilo, amaminerali, izidakamizwa, njll. emithonjeni ethile yamaprotheni ezitshalo, futhi kuthuthukise ukunambitheka kokudla.

Umphumela:

Khulisa kakhulu ukudla okudliwayo, nciphisa isikhathi sokudla, futhi unciphise ukulahlwa kokudla, ikakhulukazi lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi liphansi, isifiso sokudla sezilwane siphansi, noma kusetshenziswa amafomula amasha okuphakelayo, umphumela uba mkhulu kakhulu.

2. Umnikeli we-Methyl:

Ukonga i-methionine: ukunciphisa inani le-methionine elifakwe ekudleni kanye nokunciphisa izindleko zokudla.

• Khuthaza i-metabolism yamaprotheni namafutha: Bamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwe-protein ne-carnitine, khuthaza i-metabolism yamafutha, futhi unciphise ukubekwa kwamafutha esibindini nasesiswini.

• Thuthukisa iphesenti lenyama engenamafutha: Thuthukisa ikhwalithi yesidumbu ngokuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni nokuvimbela ukugcinwa kwamafutha. I-molecule ye-Betaine iqukethe amaqembu amathathu e-methyl asebenzayo, okwenza ibe ngumnikeli we-methyl osebenza kahle futhi ozinzile.

• Ukubamba iqhaza emjikelezweni we-methionine ezilwaneni kungathatha indawo ye-methionine ebizayo kanye ne-choline (i-choline ngokwayo nayo idinga ukuguqulwa ibe yi-betaine ukuze isebenze njengomnikeli we-methyl).

3. Umlawuli wokucindezela kwe-Osmotic:

• Thuthukisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka:kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukubekezelela kwezinhlanzi nezimfanzi ukucindezeleka kwemvelo njengokushintshashintsha kosawoti, amazinga okushisa aphezulu naphansi, umoya-mpilo ophansi, ukuthuthwa, kanye nokuhlukaniswa.
• Ukuthuthukisa izinga lokusinda: Ezindaweni zokufuya izilwane zasemanzini ezinezinguquko ezinkulu ekubunjweni kosawoti (njengokufuya izilwane zasemanzini, ukufuya izilwane zasemanzini okususa usawoti, kanye nokujova amanzi ahlanzekile ngesikhathi semvula) noma imisebenzi yokucindezeleka, kunganciphisa ngempumelelo amazinga okufa.
• Ukonga amandla: Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kwezilwane ukuze kulawulwe ingcindezi ye-osmotic, okuvumela ukuthi kusetshenziswe amandla engeziwe ekukhuleni.
• I-Betaine iyi-osmotic buffer substance ebalulekile (i-osmoprotectant) ezintweni eziphilayo.
• Lapho ingcindezi ye-osmotic yendawo yangaphandle ishintsha (njengokushintshashintsha kosawoti, ukucindezeleka kwezokuthutha), izilwane zasemanzini zidinga ukusebenzisa amandla amaningi ukulawula ibhalansi yazo yengcindezi ye-osmotic.
• I-Betaine ingazinzisa ingcindezi ye-osmotic yangaphakathi kweseli, ivikele isakhiwo kanye nomsebenzi wama-membrane eseli, amaprotheni, nama-enzyme emonakalweni obangelwa izindawo ze-osmotic eziphakeme noma eziphansi.

4. Khuthaza ukugaywa kwamafutha futhi uvikele isibindi:

• Ukuvikelwa kwesibindi:Ukuvimbela nokwelapha ngempumelelo isifo sesibindi esinamafutha ezilwaneni zasemanzini, ikakhulukazi lezo ezidla ukudla okunamafutha amaningi.
• Ukuthuthukisa umbala womzimba: Kwezinye izinhlanzi noma ama-shrimp okuhlobisa, ukusebenza kahle kwesibindi kusiza ekufakweni kombala futhi kuthuthukise umbala womzimba.
• Njengomnikeli we-methyl, i-betaine ihlanganyela ekwakhiweni kwe-phospholipid kanye nokuthuthwa kwamafutha. Ingakhuthaza ukuwohloka nokuthuthwa kwamafutha esibindi, inciphise okuqukethwe kwamafutha esibindi, futhi ivimbele ukwakheka kwesibindi esinamafutha.

5. Kukhuthaza ukukhula:

• Lokhu kungumphumela wemiphumela ehlangene yemisebenzi eminingi okukhulunywe ngayo ngenhla.
• Ngokwandisa ukudla, ukonga i-methionine, ukukhuthaza ukwakheka kwamaprotheni, ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kokudla, ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nokuvikela impilo yesibindi.

Umphumela:

Ukubonakaliswa kokugcina ukwanda okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokukhula kanye nesilinganiso sokukhuluphala kwezilwane zasemanzini.

6. Ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba kanye nokumelana nezifo (umphumela ongaqondile):

I-Betainekusiza ukugcina impilo yezilwane zasemanzini ngokunciphisa ukusabela kokucindezeleka (ukucindezeleka kuyimpande yazo zonke izifo), kuvikela isibindi (isitho esibalulekile sokuhlanza ubuthi kanye nokuzivikela komzimba), kanye nokunikeza amaqembu e-methyl (ahilelekile ekwakhiweni kwe-nucleic acid kanye ne-antibody).

Umphumela:

Thuthukisa amasosha omzimba angaqondile futhi unciphise ukwanda kwezifo.
Isifinyezo kanye Nokusetshenziswa:

I-Betaineisibe yinto ebalulekile ekudleni kwamakhemikhali kwasemanzini kwanamuhla ngenxa yemiphumela yayo eminingi efana nokusebenza kahle kakhulu ekudonseleni ukudla, ukuhlinzekwa okuzinzile kwamaqembu e-methyl, ikhono elihle kakhulu lokulawula ingcindezi ye-osmotic, ukuvikelwa kwesibindi, kanye nokukhuthazwa kokukhula okuphelele.

Idlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokudla, ukunciphisa izindleko zokuzalanisa, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokucindezeleka kwezilwane kanye namazinga empilo, futhi ekugcineni kwandise isivuno kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuzalanisa.
Izinyathelo zokuqapha zokusebenzisa:

Inani lokwengeza: Inani elijwayelekile lokwengeza ekuphakeleni lisukela ku-0.05% kuya ku-0.3%.
Inani elithile lokwengeza lidinga ukulungiswa ngokwezici ezifana nohlobo lokuzalanisa, isigaba sokukhula, isisekelo sokudla okuphekiwe, kanye nendawo yokuzalanisa (ikakhulukazi izinguquko kusawoti).

Ukwengeza ngokweqile kungase kungandisi umphumela kodwa kunalokho kuholele ekuchithekeni.

Ifomu:

• Izinhlobo ezivamile zifaka phakathi i-betaine yemvelo (ekhishwe ku-sugar beet molasses) kanye ne-betaine hydrochloride eyenziwe ngamakhemikhali.
• Zombili zinemiphumela efanayo ngokwemisebenzi yazo eyinhloko, ngobumsulwa obuphezulu kanye nezindleko eziphansi emikhiqizweni yokwenziwa, okwenza zibe yizinto ezivamile emakethe.

Ngokufigqiwe,i-betaineiyisengezo sokudla esiphephile, esisebenzayo, nesisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ekukhuliseni izilwane zasemanzini, okubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle kokufuya izilwane zasemanzini.