Okuphakelayoisikhuthakubangelwa isikhunta. Uma umswakama wezinto eziluhlaza ufaneleka, isikhunta sizophindaphindeka ngobuningi, okuholela ekukhumbeni kokudla.isikhunta sokudla, izakhiwo zayo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali zizoshintsha, kanti i-Aspergillus flavus ibangela umonakalo omkhulu.

1. Izindlela zokulwa nesikhunta:

(1) Umswakama wokulawula Umswakama wokulawula ubhekisela ekulawuleni umswakama ekudleni kanye nomswakama ohlobene nendawo yokugcina. Isihluthulelo sezindlela zokulwa nesikhunta sokudla okusanhlamvu ukunciphisa ngokushesha okuqukethwe umswakama kube sebangeni eliphephile phakathi nesikhathi esifushane ngemva kokuvuna. Ngokuvamile, izinhlamvu zamantongomane zingaphansi kuka-8%, ummbila ungaphansi kuka-12.5%, kanye nomswakama wokusanhlamvu ungaphansi kuka-13%. Ngakho-ke, isikhunta asifanele ukuzala, ngakho-ke lokhu okuqukethwe umswakama kubizwa ngokuthi umswakama ophephile. Umswakama ophephile wokudla okuhlukahlukene uyahlukahluka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe umswakama ophephile nakho kuhlobene kabi nokushisa kokugcina.

(2) Ukulawula izinga lokushisa libe ngaphansi kuka-12 ℃ kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhiqizwa kwesikhunta kanye nokukhiqizwa kobuthi.

(3) Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukulunywa yizinambuzane kanye nokuhlasela kwamagundane, izindlela zokulawula ngemishini nangamakhemikhali kufanele zisetshenziswe ukwelapha izinambuzane zokugcina okusanhlamvu, futhi kufanele kuqashelwe ukuvimbela amagundane, njengoba ukulunywa yizinambuzane noma amagundane kungalimaza okusanhlamvu, okwenza kube lula ukuthi isikhunta sizalane futhi sibangele ukukhula kwesikhunta.

(4) Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokudla kanye nokudla kwefomula okucutshungulwe ngama-anti mold agents kusengozini enkulu yokutheleleka yisikhunta, ngakho-ke ama-anti mold agents angasetshenziswa ukulawula isikhunta ngesikhathi sokucubungula. Ama-fungicides asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-organic acids kanye nosawoti, phakathi kwawo i-propionic acid kanye nosawoti kusetshenziswa kabanzi.

2. Izindlela zokususa ubuthi emzimbeni

Ngemva kokuba ukudla kungcoliswe ubuthi besikhunta, kufanele kwenziwe imizamo yokubhubhisa noma ukususa ubuthi. Izindlela ezivame ukusetshenziswa yilezi ezilandelayo:

(1) Susa izinhlayiya zesikhunta

Ubuthi bugxile kakhulu ezinhlamvini ezonakele, ezikhunta, ezishintsha umbala, nezidliwa yizinambuzane. Ukuze unciphise kakhulu okuqukethwe ubuthi, lezi zinhlamvu zingakhethwa. Sebenzisa izindlela ezenziwe ngezandla noma zemishini ukuze ukhethe ukudla kuqala, ususe ukudla okukhunta, bese womisa ukudla okukhunta ukuze ufeze umgomo wokukhipha ubuthi kanye nokuvimbela isikhunta.

(2) Ukwelashwa ngokushisa

Ukuze uthole izinto zokusetshenziswa zekhekhe likasoya kanye nokudla kwembewu, u-48% -61% we-Aspergillus flavus B1 kanye no-32% -40% we-Aspergillus flavus C1 kungabhujiswa ngokubhaka ku-150 ℃ imizuzu engama-30 noma ukufudumeza nge-microwave imizuzu engu-8-9.

(3) Ukuwasha ngamanzi

Ukucwilisa nokuhlanza ngokuphindaphindiwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile kungasusa ubuthi obuncibilika emanzini. Izinto zokusetshenziswa ezihlanganisiwe ezifana nobhontshisi kanye nommbila zingahlanzwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile ngemva kokuchotshozwa noma zihlanzwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ngamanzi e-Limewater angu-2% ukuze kususwe ama-mycotoxin.

(4) Indlela yokumunca

Izithasiselo ezifana ne-activated carbon kanye nobumba olumhlophe zingamunca ubuthi besikhunta, zinciphise ukumuncwa kwabo yi-gastrointestinal tract.

Ukudla ukudla okungcolile yimfuyo nezinkukhu kungaholela ochungechungeni lwezinto ezifana nokuvinjelwa kokukhula, ukwehla kokudla, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla, okungathinta kakhulu izinzuzo zomnotho. Kuyadingeka ukunaka ukuvimbela nokulawula.