I-Betaineiwuhlobo lwezithako ezingezona umsoco, lufana kakhulu nokudla izitshalo nezilwane ngokwezilwane zasemanzini, okuqukethwe kwamakhemikhali ezinto zokwenziwa noma ezikhishiwe, okukhangayo okuvame ukuhlanganisa izinhlanganisela ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, lezi zinhlanganisela zinokusebenzisana ekuphakeleni kwezilwane zasemanzini, ngephunga nokunambitheka kwezilwane zasemanzini kanye nokukhuthazwa okubukwayo, njengokuqoqwa kokudla, ukwandisa ukudla nokwandisa ukudla.

Ukwengeza i-betaine ekudleni kwezimfanzi kunganciphisa isikhathi sokudla esingu-1/3 kuya ku-1/2 futhi kwandise ukudla kwe-macrobrachium rosenbergii. Okuphakelayo okuqukethe i-betaine kube nomthelela osobala we-bait kuma-carps kanye ne-wild scaly anteater, kodwa akuzange kube nomthelela osobala we-bait kuma-carps otshani. I-Betaine ingathuthukisa ukuzwa kokunambitha kwamanye ama-amino acid ezinhlanzini, futhi ithuthukise umphumela wama-amino acid. I-Betaine ingakhuphula isifiso sokudla, ithuthukise ukumelana nezifo kanye nokuzivikela komzimba, futhi inxephezele ukuncipha kokudla kwezinhlanzi nezimfanzi ngaphansi kwengcindezi.

I-Choline iyisakhi esibalulekile ezilwaneni. Ihlinzeka ngamaqembu e-methyl emzimbeni ukuthi abambe iqhaza ekuphenduleni kwe-metabolic. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ucwaningo luye lwathola ukuthi i-betaine inganikeza namaqembu e-methyl emzimbeni, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwe-betaine ehlinzeka ngamaqembu e-methyl yizikhathi ze-2.3 kune-choline chloride, okwenza kube umnikezeli we-methyl ophumelelayo. Ngemva kwezinsuku eziyi-150, isilinganiso sobude bomzimba we-macrobrachium rosenbergii sikhuphuke ngo-27.63% futhi isilinganiso sokuguqulwa kokuphakelayo sehla ngo-8% lapho i-betaine ithathelwa indawo ye-choline chloride. I-Betaine ingathuthukisa i-oxidation yama-fatty acids kumaseli, i-mitochondria, futhi ithuthukise kakhulu imisipha nesibindi se-chain chain ester acyl carnitine okuqukethwe kanye ne-chain chain ester acyl carnitine kanye nengxenye ye-carnitine yamahhala, ikhuthaze ukubola kwe-adipose, ukunciphisa isibindi nokufakwa kwamafutha omzimba, ukukhuthaza amaprotheni synthesis, ukusabalalisa kabusha kwesibindi emzimbeni.