Ngokukhula kwesikali samasiko kanye nokwanda kokuminyana kwesiko, isifo se-Apostichopus japonicus sesikhule kakhulu, esilethe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu embonini yezasemanzini. Izifo ze-Apostichopus japonicus zibangelwa ikakhulukazi amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nama-ciliates, phakathi kwawo i-skin rot syndrome ebangelwa i-Vibrio brilliant iyingozi kakhulu. Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, udonga lomzimba lwezilonda ze-Apostichopus japonicus, lwakha amachashaza aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namhlophe, futhi ekugcineni luncibilika luze lufe, luncibilike lube amafinyila asemakhaleni njenge-colloid. Ekuvimbeleni nasekulapheni izifo zendabuko, ama-antibiotic asetshenziswa kabanzi. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-antibiotic akugcini nje ngokuba nengozi efihliwe yokumelana namagciwane kanye nezinsalela zezidakamizwa, kodwa futhi kuletha ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokungangcolisi, okungeyona insalela, ukulungiswa okuphephile ukunciphisa isifo se-sea cucumber kungenye yezindawo ezishisayo ocwaningweni lwamanje.

I-Potassium diformate iyimpushana emhlophe ecwebezelayo, eyomile futhi ayinambitheki. Kuyisengezo sokuqala esingewona ama-antibiotic esigunyazwe yi-European Union ukuthi sithathe indawo yama-antibiotic. Ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezilwane ezikhulisiwe, ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, futhi ithuthukise indawo yamathumbu, i-Potassium diformate ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhula kanye nesivuno sezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

1 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa

1.1 Imithelela ye-potassium yokudla iphazamisa ukukhula nokuphila kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Izinga elithile lokukhula kwe-Apostichopus japonicus lenyuke kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kokudla kwe-potassium diformate. Lapho okuqukethwe kokudla kwe-potassium diformate kufinyelele ku-0.8%, okungukuthi, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-potassium diformate yezokudla kwaba ngu-1.0% no-1.2%, izinga elithile lokukhula kwe-Apostichopus japonicus laliphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha, Kodwa kwakungekho umehluko ophawulekayo (P> 0.05) (ithebula 2-2). Izinga lokusinda kwe-sea cucumber laliyi-100% kuwo wonke amaqembu.

1.2 Imithelela ye-diformate potassium yokudla kuma-immune indexes we-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula, amazinga ahlukene e-potassium dicarboxylate angathuthukisa umthamo we-phagocytic we-coelomocytes nokukhiqizwa kwe-O2 - ngamadigri ahlukene (ithebula 2-3). Lapho i-potassium diformate yengezwa ku-1.0% no-1.2%, umsebenzi we-phagocytic we-coelomocytes kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo i-O2 - kukhukhamba olwandle zaziphakeme kakhulu kunalezo eziseqenjini lokulawula, kodwa kwakungekho umehluko ophawulekayo phakathi kwamaqembu e-1% kanye ne-1.2% ye-potassium diformate, noma phakathi kwamanye amazinga eqembu le-potassium diformate kanye neqembu lokulawula. Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni, i-SOD ne-NOS yekhukhamba yasolwandle yanda.

1.3 Umthelela we-diformate potassium ye-diformate ekumelana ne-sea cucumber ku-Vibrio brilliant infection.

Ezinsukwini ezingu-1.4 ngemuva kwenselelo, inani lokufa kwe-sea cucumber lifinyelele ku-46.67%, laliphezulu kakhulu kunalokho ku-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kanye no-1.2% we-potassium diformate amaqembu (26.67%, 26.67%, 30% no-3% umehluko omkhulu, no-3% no-3%, no-2% umehluko omkhulu Iqembu lokwelapha elingu-0.2% (38.33%). Ukufa kwe-sea cucumber ku-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kanye namaqembu we-potassium diformate angu-1.2% kwakungenayo umehluko omkhulu.

2. Ingxoxo

2.1 Umthelela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekukhuleni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Ezilwaneni, indlela yokusebenza ye-potassium dicarboxylate ngokuyinhloko iwukungena emgudwini wamathumbu, ukuthuthukisa imvelo yamathumbu, ukulawula i-pH, nokubulala amagciwane ayingozi (Ramli kanye ne-sunanto, 2005). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium diformate ingaphinde ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba ekudleni futhi ithuthukise izinga lokugayeka kokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezikhulisiwe. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane zasemanzini, ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi i-potassium diformate ingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokukhula nezinga lokusinda kwezimfanzi (yena uSuxu, uZhou Zhigang, et al., 2006). Kulolu cwaningo, ukukhula kwekhukhamba lasolwandle (i-Apostichopus japonicus) kwakhuthazwa ngokungeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni, eyayihambisana nemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate kuma-piglets kanye nezingulube zokuqeda ezibikwe yi-verland. M (2000).

2.2 Umthelela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekuvikelekeni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Apostichopus japonicus inendlela yokuzivikela efanayo njengamanye ama-echinoderm, agcwaliswa ukusabela komzimba kwamaselula kanye nokungewona amaselula (okuhlekisayo). Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuhlonza nokuqeda imizimba yangaphandle engena emzimbeni wesilwane, noma ukwenza imizimba yangaphandle ibe izinto ezingenabungozi, nokulungisa amanxeba. Ukusabela kwamaselula omzimba we-echinoderms kugcwaliswa yizinhlobonhlobo zama-coelomocyte, akha uhlelo lokuzivikela lwe-echinoderms. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yala maseli ihlanganisa i-phagocytosis, ukusabela kwe-cytotoxin, nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilwa namagciwane ezingeni lokuhlangana (kudriavtsev, 2000). Enqubweni ye-phagocytosis, ama-coelomocyte angenziwa amagciwane noma izingxenye ze-bacterial cell wall ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo (ROS), kuhlanganise no, H2O2, oh no-O2 -. Kulesi sivivinyo, ukungeza i-1.0% kanye ne-1.2% ye-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-phagocytic wama-coelomocyte kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, indlela ye-potassium diformate ekhulisa umsebenzi we-phagocytic kanye ne-O2 - ukukhiqizwa kufanele kuqhutshekwe kufundwe.

2.3 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate emilanjeni yamathumbu ekhukhamba yolwandle i-Apostichopus japonicus

I-Potassium dicarboxylate ingaboliswa ibe yi-formic acid futhi yakheke endaweni ebuthakathaka ye-alkaline futhi ingene kumaseli amancane nge-membrane yeseli. Ingashintsha indawo ephilayo yama-microorganisms ayingozi afana ne-Escherichia coli ne-Salmonella ngokushintsha inani le-pH ngaphakathi kwamaseli futhi ivimbele ukuzala kwawo, ukuze ilawule ibhalansi ye-microecological yamathumbu (eidelsburger, 1998). Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ku-microflora yamathumbu, macroscopically, i-H + ekhiqizwa ukubola kwe-potassium dicarboxylate yehlisa inani le-pH emathunjini futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwe-microflora yamathumbu. Nge-Microscopically, i-H + ingena emangqamuzaneni ebhaktheriya nge-membrane yeseli, ibhubhise ngokuqondile umsebenzi we-intracellular enzymes, ithinta i-metabolism ye-microbial protein kanye ne-nucleic acid, futhi idlala indima ekubulaleni inzalo (Roth, 1998). Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-potassium diformate ayinawo umthelela omncane kubhaktheriya wamathumbu we-sea cucumber, kodwa yayingase ivimbele inani le-Vibrio.

2.4 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekumelaneni nezifo ze-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Vibrio splendens yi-bacteria ye-pathogenic ye-skin rot syndrome ye-sea cucumber, eyingozi ekukhiqizeni nasekutshalweni kwekhukhamba yasolwandle. Lokhu kuhlola kufakazele ukuthi ukwengeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kunciphisa ukufa kwekhukhamba yasolwandle etheleleke nge-Vibrio brilliant. Lokhu kungase kuhlobane nomphumela ovimbelayo we-potassium diformate ku-Vibrio.

3 Isiphetho

Imiphumela yabonisa ukuthi i-diformate ye-potassium yokudla ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, yaba nomthelela omuhle ekuvikelekeni okungaqondile kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, futhi yathuthukisa ukungatheleleki kwe-humoral kanye neselula ye-Apostichopus japonicus. Ukwengezwa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kunciphisa kakhulu inani lamagciwane ayingozi emathunjini ekhukhamba yasolwandle, futhi kwathuthukisa ukumelana nezifo zekhukhamba yasolwandle etheleleke nge-Vibrio brilliant. Sengiphetha, i-potassium dicarboxylate ingasetshenziswa njengesikhuthazi sokuzivikela ezifweni ze-sea cucumber feed, futhi umthamo ofanele we-potassium dicarboxylate ngu-1.0%.