Ngokwanda kwesilinganiso samasiko kanye nokwanda kobuningi bamasiko, isifo se-Apostichopus japonicus siye saba sibi kakhulu, okulethe ukulahlekelwa okukhulu embonini yezolimo zasemanzini. Izifo ze-Apostichopus japonicus zibangelwa kakhulu amagciwane, amagciwane kanye nama-ciliates, phakathi kwawo i-skin rot syndrome ebangelwa yi-Vibrio brilliant iyona embi kakhulu. Ngokukhula kwalesi sifo, udonga lomzimba lwezilonda ze-Apostichopus japonicus, zakha amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka namhlophe, futhi ekugcineni ziyancibilika zife, zincibilike zibe yi-mucus yamakhala njenge-colloid. Ekuvimbeleni nasekulapheni izifo zendabuko, kusetshenziswa ama-antibiotic kabanzi. Kodwa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhathi eside kwama-antibiotic akugcini nje ngokuba nengozi efihliwe yokumelana namagciwane kanye nezinsalela zemithi, kodwa futhi kuletha ukuphepha kokudla kanye nokungcola kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kokulungiselela okuphephile, okungangcolisi, okungensalela, ukunciphisa isifo se-sea cucumber kungenye yezindawo ezishisayo zocwaningo lwamanje.

I-Potassium diformate iyimpuphu emhlophe ekhululekile, eyomile futhi ayinambitheki. Yisithasiselo sokudla esingeyona imithi yokulwa namagciwane esivunyelwe yi-European Union ukuze sithathe indawo yama-antibiotic. Ingakhuthaza ukukhula kwezilwane ezikhuliswe kahle, ivimbele ukukhula kwamagciwane ayingozi, futhi ithuthukise indawo yamathumbu, i-Potassium diformate ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhula kanye nesivuno sezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

1 Imiphumela yokuhlolwa

1.1 Imiphumela ye-potassium diformate ekudleni ekukhuleni nasekusindeni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Izinga lokukhula elithile le-Apostichopus japonicus landa kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium diformate ekudleni. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-potassium diformate ekudleni kufinyelele ku-0.8%, okungukuthi, lapho okuqukethwe kwe-potassium diformate ekudleni kwakuyi-1.0% kanye ne-1.2%, izinga lokukhula elithile le-Apostichopus japonicus laliphakeme kakhulu kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha, Kodwa kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile (P > 0.05) (ithebula 2-2). Izinga lokusinda kwe-sea cucumber lalingu-100% kuwo wonke amaqembu.

1.2 Imiphumela ye-potassium diformate ekudleni ezinhlotsheni zomzimba ze-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Uma kuqhathaniswa neqembu lokulawula, amazinga ahlukene e-potassium dicarboxylate angathuthukisa amandla e-phagocytic ama-coelomocyte kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-O2 - ngamazinga ahlukene (ithebula 2-3). Lapho i-potassium diformate ingezwa ku-1.0% kanye no-1.2%, umsebenzi we-phagocytic wama-coelomocyte kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo i-O2 - ku-sea cucumber wawuphakeme kakhulu kunalawo aseqenjini lokulawula, kodwa kwakungekho mehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamaqembu e-potassium diformate angu-1% kanye no-1.2%, noma phakathi kwamanye amazinga e-potassium diformate kanye neqembu lokulawula. Ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni, i-SOD kanye ne-NOS ye-sea cucumber yanda.

1.3 Umphumela we-potassium diformate ekudleni ekumelaneni kwe-sea cucumber ekuthelelekeni kwe-Vibrio brilliant

Ezinsukwini ezingu-1.4 ngemva kwenselele, ukufa okuqongelelekayo kwekhukhamba lolwandle eqenjini lokulawula kwaba ngu-46.67%, okwakuphakeme kakhulu kunalokho okwamaqembu angu-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kanye no-1.2% e-potassium diformate (26.67%, 26.67%, 30%, 30% kanye no-23.33%), kodwa kwakungekho mehluko obalulekile eqenjini lokwelapha elingu-0.2% (38.33%). Ukufa kwekhukhamba lolwandle emaqenjini angu-0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0% kanye no-1.2% e-potassium diformate akuzange kube nomehluko obalulekile.

2. Ingxoxo

2.1 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekukhuleni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Ezilwaneni, indlela esebenza ngayo i-potassium dicarboxylate iwukungena kakhulu endleleni yokugaya ukudla, ukuthuthukisa indawo yokugaya ukudla, ukulawula i-pH, nokubulala amagciwane ayingozi (uRamli no-sunanto, 2005). Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-potassium diformate ingakhuthaza nokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba ekudleni futhi ithuthukise ukugaya ukudla kanye nezinga lokusetshenziswa kwezilwane ezikhuliswe kahle. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezilwane zasemanzini, izivivinyo zikhombisile ukuthi i-potassium diformate ingathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lokukhula kanye nokusinda kwe-shrimp (uSuxu, uZhou Zhigang, et al., 2006). Kulolu cwaningo, ukukhula kwe-sea cucumber (u-Apostichopus japonicus) kwakhuthazwa ngokungeza i-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni, okuhambisana nemiphumela yokusetshenziswa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ezingulubeni ezincane kanye nezingulube eziqeda ukudla okubikwe yi-verland. M (2000).

2.2 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekuvikelekeni kwe-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Apostichopus japonicus inendlela yokuzivikela efanayo nezinye i-echinoderms, eqedwa impendulo yokuzivikela yeselula nengeyona iseli (ehlekisayo). Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukuhlonza nokususa imizimba yangaphandle engena emzimbeni wesilwane, noma ukwenza imizimba yangaphandle ibe izinto ezingenangozi, nokulungisa amanxeba. Impendulo yokuzivikela yeselula ye-echinoderms iqedwa yizinhlobonhlobo zama-coelomocyte, akha uhlelo lokuzivikela lwe-echinoderms. Imisebenzi eyinhloko yala maseli ifaka phakathi i-phagocytosis, ukusabela kwe-cytotoxin, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinto ezilwa namagciwane ezingeni lokujiya (kudriavtsev, 2000). Enkambisweni ye-phagocytosis, ama-coelomocyte angabangelwa amabhaktheriya noma izingxenye zodonga lweseli lebhaktheriya ukuze akhiqize izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo (ROS), kufaka phakathi i-no, H2O2, oh kanye ne-O2 -. Kulolu vivinyo, ukwengeza i-potassium dicarboxylate engu-1.0% kanye ne-1.2% ekudleni kwandisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-phagocytic wama-coelomocyte kanye nokukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo. Kodwa-ke, indlela yokusebenza kwe-potassium diformate ekhulisa umsebenzi we-phagocytic kanye nokukhiqizwa kwe-O2 kudinga ukufundwa kabanzi.

2.3 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ezitshalweni zamathumbu ze-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-potassium dicarboxylate ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-formic acid bese ibumba endaweni ebuthakathaka ye-alkaline bese ingena kumaseli amancane ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lweseli. Ingashintsha indawo ephilayo yama-microorganism ayingozi njenge-Escherichia coli ne-Salmonella ngokushintsha inani le-pH ngaphakathi kwamaseli nokuvimbela ukuzala kwawo, ukuze kulawulwe ibhalansi ye-microecological yamathumbu (eidelsburger, 1998). Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate kuma-microflora amathumbu, ngokwe-macroscopically, i-H+ ekhiqizwa ngokubola kwe-potassium dicarboxylate yehlisa inani le-pH emathunjini futhi ivimbele ukukhula kwe-microflora yamathumbu. Ngokwe-microscopically, i-H+ ingena kumaseli amabhaktheriya nge-membrane yeseli, ibhubhisa ngqo umsebenzi wama-enzyme angaphakathi kweseli, ithinta i-metabolism ye-microbial protein kanye ne-nucleic acid, futhi idlala indima ekuzalweni kwenzalo (Roth, 1998). Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi i-potassium diformate yayinethonya elincane kuma-bacteria amathumbu aphelele e-sea cucumber, kodwa ingavimbela kakhulu inani le-Vibrio.

2.4 Umphumela we-potassium dicarboxylate ekumelaneni nezifo ze-sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

I-Vibrio splendens yibhaktheriya ebangela ukubola kwesikhumba kwe-sea cucumber, okuyingozi ekukhiqizweni nasekutshalweni kwe-sea cucumber. Lolu cwaningo lubonise ukuthi ukufaka i-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kunciphisa ukufa kwe-sea cucumber etheleleke nge-Vibrio brilliant. Lokhu kungase kuhlobane nomphumela wokuvimbela we-potassium diformate ku-Vibrio.

3 Isiphetho

Imiphumela ikhombisile ukuthi i-potassium diformate yokudla ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, ibe nomthelela omuhle ekugomeni okungaqondile kwe-Apostichopus japonicus, futhi yathuthukisa ukuzivikela kwe-humoral kanye ne-cellular kwe-Apostichopus japonicus. Ukwengezwa kwe-potassium dicarboxylate ekudleni kunciphisa kakhulu inani lamagciwane ayingozi emathunjini e-sea cucumber, futhi kwathuthukisa ukumelana kwesifo se-sea cucumber etheleleke nge-Vibrio brilliant. Ekuphetheni, i-potassium dicarboxylate ingasetshenziswa njengesithuthukisi sokuzivikela emzimbeni ekudleni kwe-sea cucumber, futhi umthamo ofanele we-potassium dicarboxylate ungu-1.0%.