Quaternary ammonium usawotiingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ukuze kubulawe amagciwane kuukulima kwezilwane zasemanzini, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe indlela efanele yokusetshenziswa nokugxilisa ingqondo ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala ezintweni eziphila emanzini.

1,Uyini usawoti we-quaternary ammonium
Usawoti we-Quaternary ammoniumiyisibulala-magciwane esongayo, esisebenzayo, futhi esisetshenziswa kabanzi esinefomula yamakhemikhali (CnH2n+1) (CH3) 3N+X -, lapho i-X - ingaba yi-Cl -, Br -, I -, SO42-, njll
2,Umgomo wokubulala amagciwane weusawoti we-quaternary ammonium
Umgomo wokubulala amagciwane kasawoti we-quaternary ammonium ukucekela phansi ulwelwesi lwamaseli namaphrotheni ebhaktheriya, okuwenza alahlekelwe amandla awo okukhula nokuzala. Umthelela wokubulala amagciwane kasawoti we-quaternary ammonium uhlobene nezinto ezifana nokugxilisa ingqondo, inani le-pH, isikhathi sokuthintana, nezinga lokushisa.
3,Indlela yokusebenzisa usawoti we-quaternary ammonium ngendlela efanele
1. Ukulawula ukugxila
Lapho usawoti we-quaternary ammonium usetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane e-aquaculture, ukugxila kudinga ukulawulwa ngokuya ngosayizi nobulukhuni bomzimba wamanzi. Ngokuvamile, ukusebenzisa i-concentration ye-0.1% -0.2% ye-quaternary ammonium salt ingabulala amagciwane ngokuphumelelayo, kodwa ayikwazi ukudlula u-0.5%.
2. Isikhathi sokuxhumana
Lapho usebenzisa usawoti we-quaternary ammonium wokubulala amagciwane, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthintana okugcwele namanzi namanzi. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukuthi ukhiphe amagciwane imizuzu engama-30 kuya emahoreni ama-2.
3. Ukulawula imvamisa
Uma usebenzisa usawoti we-quaternary ammonium wokubulala amagciwane, imvamisa yokubulala amagciwane nayo idinga ukulawulwa. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungabangela umonakalo endaweni ezungezile yasemanzini, futhi akufanele kudlule kanye ngesonto.
4. Izinyathelo zokuqapha
1. Vimbela ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile
Ukusebenzisa ngokweqile usawoti we-quaternary ammonium kungakhuphula okuqukethwe kwe-ammonia nitrogen ne-nitrogen emanzini, kuphazamise indawo ezungezile yemvelo yamanzi futhi kuholele ezinkingeni ezifana nokufa kwezidalwa zasemanzini.
2. Gwema ukuzihlanganisa neminye imithi
Usawoti we-quaternary ammonium akufanele uhlanganiswe nezinye izibulala-magciwane, ngaphandle kwalokho ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kungase kwenzeke, kunciphise ukusebenza kahle kokubulala amagciwane kanye nokukhiqiza izinto eziyingozi.
3. Naka ukuphepha komuntu siqu
Usawoti we-Quaternary ammoniumiyisibulala-magciwane esingagqwali kakhulu, futhi amagilavu ​​kufanele agqokwe lapho usisebenzisa, ukugwema ukuthintana namehlo nomlomo. Uma kudliwe noma kungena ngephutha emehlweni, hlanza ngokushesha futhi ufune usizo lwezokwelapha.
5. Ukuhlaziywa kokuphepha
Nakubausawoti we-quaternary ammoniumIzibulala-magciwane ezisetshenziswa kakhulu, kusadingeka ukuthi unake indlela efanele yokusetshenziswa ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi endaweni yemvelo yasemanzini kanye nezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.

Ucwaningo oluhlobene lubonise ukuthi ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okufanele kwe-concentration and disinfection frequency, usawoti we-quaternary ammonium unobuthi obuncaneizinto eziphila emanzinifuthi ngeke ibe nomthelela omkhulu kuzo.

Umgomo wesenzo se-quaternary ammonium usawoti wei-trimethylamine oxide (TMAO)ibonakala kakhulu ezintweni zayo ze-surfactant kanye nokuzinza kwamakhemikhali:
Umsebenzi wangaphandle: Theusawoti we-quaternary ammoniumisakhiwo siyinikeza indawo ekabili ye-hydrophilicity kanye ne-hydrophobicity, enganciphisa ukushuba koketshezi olungaphezulu. Ezihlahleni, lesi sici sisiza ukususa amabala kawoyela: isiphetho se-hydrophilic sihlangana namanzi, futhi isiphetho se-hydrophobic sihlangana namafutha, senze ama-micelles ukuze amboze ukungcola.
Ukuzinza kwesakhiwo: I-nitrogen oxygen bond (N → O) polarity yosawoti we-quaternary ammonium iqinile, engakwazi ukuzinzisa ukwakheka kwezinhlangothi ezintathu zamaphrotheni. Ekulawulweni kwengcindezi ye-osmotic, amaprotheni avikelwe ezicini ze-denaturation njenge-urea ne-ammonia nitrogen ngokusebenzisana kokushaja.
Impahla ene-oxidizing ebuthakathaka: Njenge-oxidant emnene, ama-athomu omoya-mpilo ku-usawoti we-quaternary ammoniumIsakhiwo singadluliselwa kwezinye izinto (ezifana nokusabela kwe-aldehyde synthesis) futhi izenzele yona ibe yi-trimethylamine.

Ngokufigqiwe,usawoti we-quaternary ammoniumingasetshenziswa ngokuphepha ekubulaleni amagciwane ezilwaneni zasemanzini, kodwa kufanele kuqashelwe ukulungisa izindlela zokusetshenziswa nokugxila ukuze kugwenywe ukulimala kwezinto eziphilayo zasemanzini.