Ama-surfactants e-bipolar angama-surfactants anamaqembu e-anionic kanye ne-cationic hydrophilic.

Uma sikhuluma kabanzi, ama-amphoteric surfactants ayizinhlanganisela ezinamaqembu amabili e-hydrophilic ngaphakathi kwe-molecule efanayo, okuhlanganisa amaqembu e-anionic, cationic, kanye ne-nonionic hydrophilic. Ama-amphoteric surfactants asetshenziswa kakhulu ikakhulukazi amaqembu e-hydrophilic ane-ammonium noma i-quaternary ammonium salts engxenyeni ye-cationic kanye nezinhlobo ze-carboxylate, i-sulfonate, ne-phosphate engxenyeni ye-anionic. Isibonelo, ama-amino acid amphoteric surfactants anama-amino namaqembu engxenye ku-molecule efanayo ama-betaine amphoteric surfactants enziwe ngosawoti wangaphakathi oqukethe womabili amaqembu e-quaternary ammonium kanye ne-carboxyl, anezinhlobo eziningi ezihlukahlukene.

Ukuboniswa kwama-amphiphilic surfactants kuyahlukahluka ngevelu ye-pH yesisombululo sabo.

Ukubonisa izakhiwo ze-cationic surfactants kumidiya ene-acidic; Ukubonisa izakhiwo ze-anionic surfactants kumidiya ye-alkali; Bonisa izici zama-surfactants angewona ama-ionic kumidiya emaphakathi. Iphuzu lapho izakhiwo ze-cationic ne-anionic zilinganiswe ngokuphelele libizwa ngokuthi iphuzu le-isoelectric.

Ephuzwini le-isoelectric, ama-amino acid ohlobo lwe-amphoteric surfactants kwesinye isikhathi ayashona, kuyilapho ama-surfactants ohlobo lwe-betaine awaniki kalula ngisho nasendaweni ye-isoelectric.

Uhlobo lwe-betaineama-surfactants ekuqaleni ahlukaniswa njengama-quaternary ammonium salt compounds, kodwa ngokungafani nosawoti we-quaternary ammonium, awanawo ama-anion.
I-Betaine igcina ukushajwa kwayo kwe-molecular positive kanye nezakhiwo ze-cationic kumidiya ene-acidic ne-alkaline. Lolu hlobo lwe-surfactant alukwazi ukuthola amashaji avumayo noma amabi. Ngokusekelwe kwivelu ye-pH yesisombululo esinamanzi salolu hlobo lwenhlanganisela, kunengqondo ukuyihlukanisa njenge-amphoteric surfactant ngokungalungile.

Ngokwale mpikiswano, izinhlanganisela zohlobo lwe-betaine kufanele zihlukaniswe njengama-cationic surfactants. Ngaphandle kwalezi zimpikiswano, iningi labasebenzisi benhlanganisela ye-betaine bayaqhubeka nokuwahlukanisa njengezinhlanganisela ze-amphoteric. Kububanzi be-heteroelectricity, kukhona ukwakheka kwe-biphasic emsebenzini ongaphezulu: R-N+(CH3) 2-CH2-COO -.

Isibonelo esivame kakhulu sama-surfactants ohlobo lwe-betaine yi-alkyli-betaine, futhi umkhiqizo wayo omele i-N-dodecyl-N, N-dimethyl-N-carboxyl betaine [BS-12, Cl2H25-N+(CH3) 2-CH2COO -]. I-Betaine enamaqembu e-amide [i-Cl2H25 esakhiweni ithathelwa indawo yi-R-CONH - (CH2) 3-] inokusebenza okungcono.

Ukuqina kwamanzi akuphazamisii-betainei-surfactant. Ikhiqiza igwebu elihle kanye nokuzinza okuhle emanzini athambile naqinile. Ngaphezu kokuhlanganiswa nezinhlanganisela ze-anionic ngamanani aphansi we-pH, ingasetshenziswa futhi kuhlanganiswe nama-anionic kanye nama-cationic surfactants. Ngokuhlanganisa i-betaine nama-anionic surfactants, i-viscosity efanelekile ingafinyelelwa.