I-Betaine, njenge-choline ne-methionine, ihilelekile ekusetshenzisweni kwe-methyl group esibindini futhi inikela nge-methyl group yayo engasebenzi kahle ukuze kwakhiwe amakhemikhali amaningana abalulekile e-metabolic njenge-carnitine, i-creatine nama-hormone (Bheka Umfanekiso 1)

 

I-Choline, i-methionine kanye ne-betaine konke kuhlobene nokwakheka kwe-methyl group. Ngakho-ke, ukwengezwa kwe-betaine kunganciphisa izidingo zalaba abanye abanikeli be-methyl group. Ngenxa yalokho, enye yezindlela ezaziwayo zokusebenzisa i-betaine ekudleni kwezilwane ukufaka esikhundleni (ingxenye) ye-choline chloride kanye ne-methionine eyengeziwe ekudleni. Kuye ngamanani emakethe, lokhu kufakwa esikhundleni ngokuvamile konga izindleko zokudla, ngenkathi kugcinwa imiphumela yokusebenza.

Uma i-betaine isetshenziswa esikhundleni samanye ama-methyldonors, i-betaine isetshenziswa njengempahla, okusho ukuthi umthamo we-betaine ekwakhiweni kokudla ungahluka futhi kuncike emananini amakhemikhali ahlobene njenge-choline ne-methionine. Kodwa, i-betaine ingaphezu nje kwesakhamzimba esinikela nge-methyl futhi ukufakwa kwe-betaine ekudleni kufanele kubhekwe njengendlela yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza.

I-Betaine njenge-osmoprotector

Ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine isebenza njenge-osmoregulator. Uma i-betaine ingagaywanga yisibindi ku-metabolism yeqembu le-methyl, iyatholakala ukuthi amaseli ayisebenzise njenge-osmolyte ephilayo.

Njenge-osmolyte, i-betaine ikhulisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngaphakathi kweseli, kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, izovikela nezakhiwo zamaseli ezifana namaprotheni, ama-enzyme kanye ne-DNA. Le mpahla yokuvikela i-betaine ibaluleke kakhulu kumaseli abhekene nokucindezeleka (kwe-osmotic). Ngenxa yokwanda kokuhlushwa kwawo kwe-betaine ngaphakathi kweseli, amaseli acindezelekile angalondoloza kangcono imisebenzi yawo yamaseli njengokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme, ukuphindaphindwa kwe-DNA kanye nokwanda kwamaseli. Ngenxa yokulondolozwa okungcono komsebenzi wamaseli, i-betaine ingaba namandla okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezilwane ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile zokucindezeleka (ukucindezeleka kokushisa, inselele ye-coccidiosis, usawoti wamanzi, njll.). Ukwengezwa okwengeziwe kwe-betaine ekudleni kuye kwabonakala kuwusizo ezimweni ezahlukene kanye nasezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zezilwane.

Imiphumela emihle ye-betaine

Mhlawumbe isimo esifundwe kakhulu mayelana nemiphumela emihle ye-betaine ukucindezeleka kokushisa. Izilwane eziningi zihlala emazingeni okushisa adlula indawo yazo yokunethezeka kokushisa, okuholela ekucindezelekeni kokushisa.

Ukucindezeleka kokushisa kuyisimo esivamile lapho kubalulekile khona ukuthi izilwane zilawule ibhalansi yazo yamanzi. Ngekhono layo lokusebenza njenge-osmolyte evikelayo, i-betaine inciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa njengoba kuboniswe isibonelo ngokushisa okuphansi kwe-rectal kanye nokuziphatha okuncane kokuphefumula ezinkukhu.

Ukunciphisa ukucindezeleka kokushisa ezilwaneni kukhuthaza ukudla kwazo futhi kusiza ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle. Hhayi kuphela ezinkomeni ze-broiler, kodwa nasezinkomeni ezizalayo, ezinsikazini, onogwaja, ezinkomeni zobisi nezenkomo, imibiko ikhombisa imiphumela emihle ye-betaine ekugcineni ukusebenza kahle ngesikhathi sezulu esishisayo kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Futhi, ukusekela impilo yamathumbu, i-betaine ingasiza. Amaseli amathumbu ahlala evezwa okuqukethwe yi-hyperosmotic yamathumbu futhi uma kwenzeka isifo sohudo, inselele ye-osmotic yala maseli izoba phezulu nakakhulu. I-Betaine ibalulekile ekuvikelweni kwe-osmotic kwamaseli amathumbu.

Ukugcinwa kwebhalansi yamanzi kanye nomthamo wamaseli ngokuqongelela i-betaine ngaphakathi kwamangqamuzana kuphumela ekuthuthukisweni kokwakheka kwamathumbu (i-villi ephezulu) kanye nokugayeka okungcono (ngenxa yokukhiqizwa kwama-enzyme okugcinwa kahle kanye nokwanda kobuso bokumuncwa kwezakhamzimba). Imiphumela emihle ye-betaine empilweni yamathumbu ibonakala kakhulu ezilwaneni ezinenkinga: isib. izinkukhu ezine-coccidiosis kanye nezingulube ezincelisayo.

I-Betaine yaziwa nangokuthi i-carcass modifer. Imisebenzi eminingi ye-betaine idlala indima ekusetshenzisweni kwamaprotheni, amandla namafutha ezilwaneni. Kokubili ezinkukhu nasezingulubeni, isivuno esikhulu senyama yebele kanye nesivuno senyama engenamafutha ngokulandelana, kubikwe ezifundweni eziningi zesayensi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwamafutha nakho kuholela ekuncipheni kwamafutha ezidumbu, okuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezidumbu.

I-Betaine njengesithuthukisi sokusebenza

Yonke imiphumela emihle ebikiwe ye-betaine ikhombisa ukuthi lesi sakhi singaba yigugu kangakanani. Ngakho-ke, ukwengezwa kwe-betaine ekudleni kufanele kucatshangelwe, hhayi nje kuphela njengempahla yokufaka esikhundleni sabanye abanikeli be-methyl kanye nokonga izindleko zokudla, kodwa futhi njengesengezo esisebenzayo sokusekela impilo nokusebenza kwezilwane.

Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zicelo ezimbili umthamo. Njenge-methyldonor, i-betaine ivame ukusetshenziswa ekudleni ngemithamo engu-500ppm noma ngaphansi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa imithamo engu-1000-kuya-2000ppm betaine. Lezi mithamo eziphakeme ziholela ku-betaine engagayelwanga, ejikeleza emzimbeni wezilwane, etholakalayo ukuze ithathwe ngamaseli ukuze ivikeleke ekucindezelekeni (kwe-osmotic) futhi ngenxa yalokho isekele impilo nokusebenza kwezilwane.

Isiphetho

I-Betaine inezinhlelo ezahlukene zezinhlobo ezahlukene zezilwane. Ekudlaleni kwezilwane, i-betaine ingasetshenziswa njengempahla yokonga izindleko zokudla, kodwa ingafakwa ekudleni ukuthuthukisa impilo yezilwane nokuthuthukisa ukusebenza. Ikakhulukazi kulezi zinsuku, lapho sizama ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-antibiotic, ukusekela impilo yezilwane kubaluleke kakhulu. I-Betaine ngokuqinisekile ifanelwe indawo ohlwini lwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezisebenzayo ukusekela impilo yezilwane.