I-Betaine, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glycine trimethyl usawoti wangaphakathi, iyinhlanganisela yemvelo engenabuthi futhi engenabungozi, i-quaternary amine alkaloid. I-prismatic emhlophe noma iqabunga elifana nekristalu elinefomula yamangqamuzana engu-c5h12no2, isisindo samangqamuzana angu-118 kanye nendawo yokuncibilika engu-293 ℃. Inambitheka kamnandi futhi iyinto efana namavithamini. Inokugcina umswakama oqinile futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama kanye ne-deliquesce ekamelweni lokushisa. Uhlobo olunamanzi luyancibilika emanzini, i-methanol ne-ethanol, futhi luncibilika kancane ku-ether. IBetaine inesakhiwo samakhemikhali esiqinile, ingamelana nezinga lokushisa eliphakeme elingu-200 ℃ futhi inokumelana ne-oxidation okuqinile. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa lokhoi-betaineingafaka ingxenye ye-methionine kumetabolism yezilwane.

I-Betaineingashintsha ngokuphelele i-methionine ekunikezeni i-methyl. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-methionine isetshenziswa njenge-substrate ukwenza amaprotheni, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ibamba iqhaza ku-methyl metabolism njengomnikeli we-methyl.I-Betaineingakhuthaza umsebenzi we-betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase esibindini futhi inikeze i-methyl esebenzayo ndawonye, ​​ukuze umkhiqizo we-methionine demethylation i-homocysteine ​​ungenziwa i-methylated ukuze wenze i-methionine kusukela ekuqaleni, ukuze unikeze ngokuqhubekayo i-methyl yemetabolism yomzimba ngenani elilinganiselwe le-methionine njengomthwali kanye ne-betaine njengengxenye ye-methylene esetshenziswa kakhulu, bese igcina iphrotheni esetshenziswa kakhulu. methionine futhi usebenzise amandla. Ndawonye, ​​i-betaine yonakala nakakhulu ngemva kokuba i-methylated ikhiqize i-serine ne-glycine, bese yandisa ukugcwala kwama-amino acid egazini (kamoun, 1986).

I-Betaine yandisa okuqukethwe kwe-methionine, i-serine ne-glycine ku-serum. Puchala et al. Ibe nemiphumela yokuhlola efanayo ezimvini. I-Betaine ingangeza ama-amino acid afana ne-arginine, i-methionine, i-leucine ne-glycine ku-serum kanye nenani eliphelele lama-amino acid ku-serum, bese ithinta ukuphuma kwe-auxin;I-Betaineingase ikhuthaze ukuguqulwa kwe-aspartic acid ku-n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) ngokusebenzisa i-methyl metabolism enamandla, futhi i-NMA ingathinta ukwakheka nokukhishwa kwe-auxin ku-hypothalamus, bese kuba izinga le-auxin emzimbeni.