I-Betaine, eyaziwa nangokuthi usawoti wangaphakathi we-glycine trimethyl, iyinhlanganisela yemvelo engenabungozi futhi engenabungozi, i-quaternary amine alkaloid. Iyi-prismatic emhlophe noma ikristalu efana neqabunga enefomula yama-molecule c5h12no2, isisindo sama-molecule esingu-118 kanye nephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-293 ℃. Inambitheka kamnandi futhi iyisithako esifana namavithamini. Inokugcinwa komswakama okuqinile futhi kulula ukumunca umswakama kanye ne-deliquesce ekushiseni kwegumbi. Uhlobo olumanzi luyancibilika emanzini, i-methanol kanye ne-ethanol, futhi luncibilika kancane ku-ether. I-Betaine inesakhiwo samakhemikhali esiqinile, ingamelana nokushisa okuphezulu okungu-200 ℃ futhi inokumelana okunamandla kwe-oxidation. Izifundo zikhombisile ukuthii-betaineingathatha indawo ye-methionine kancane ekugayweni kwezilwane.

I-Betaineingathatha indawo ye-methionine ngokuphelele ekuhlinzekweni kwe-methyl. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-methionine isetshenziswa njenge-substrate ukwakha amaprotheni, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ihlanganyela ekusetshenzisweni kwe-methyl njengomnikeli we-methyl.I-Betaineingakhuthaza umsebenzi we-betaine homocysteine ​​methyltransferase esibindini futhi inikeze i-methyl esebenzayo ndawonye, ​​ukuze umkhiqizo we-methionine demethylation i-homocysteine ​​ingafakwa i-methylated ukuze yakhe i-methionine kusukela ekuqaleni, ukuze ihlinzeke ngokuqhubekayo nge-methyl ukuze umzimba umetabolism ibe nenani elilinganiselwe le-methionine njengomthwali kanye ne-betaine njengomthombo we-methyl. Bese, iningi le-methionine lisetshenziselwa ukwakha amaprotheni, angasindisa i-methionine futhi asebenzise amandla. Ndawonye, ​​i-betaine yonakaliswa kakhulu ngemva kokuba i-methylated ukuze ikhiqize i-serine ne-glycine, bese ikhulisa ukuhlushwa kwama-amino acid egazini (kamoun, 1986).

I-Betaine yandise okuqukethwe yi-methionine, i-serine kanye ne-glycine ku-serum. UPuchala nabanye. Yaba nemiphumela efanayo yokuhlola ezimvini. I-Betaine ingangeza ama-amino acid njenge-arginine, i-methionine, i-leucine kanye ne-glycine ku-serum kanye nenani eliphelele lama-amino acid ku-serum, bese ithinta ukukhishwa kwe-auxin;I-Betainekungakhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-aspartic acid ibe yi-n-methylaspartic acid (NMA) ngokusebenzisa i-methyl metabolism enamandla, futhi i-NMA ingathinta ukwakheka kanye nokukhishwa kwe-auxin ku-hypothalamus, bese kuba yizinga le-auxin emzimbeni.