Ucwaningo lwamagundane luqinisekisile ukuthi i-betaine idlala indima enkulu ye-methyl donor esibindini futhi ilawulwai-betainei-homocysteine ​​methyltransferase (BHMT) kanye ne-p-cysteine ​​sulfide β Synthetase (β Ukulawulwa kwe-cyst (udaka et al., 1965). Lo mphumela waqinisekiswa ezingulubeni nasezinkukhuni. Uma ukunikezwa kwe-methyl kunganele, umzimba wesilwane wenza i-hemiaminic acid ephezulu yamukele i-methyl ye-betaine ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-BHMT ukuze kuhlanganiswe i-methionine bese uhlinzeka nge-methyl. Lapho wengeza i-betaine yedosi ephansi, ngenxa yokutholakala kwe-methyl elinganiselwe emzimbeni, isibindi sandisa izikhathi zomjikelezo we-homocysteine ​​→ methionine ngokwandisa umsebenzi we-BMT nokusebenzisa i-betaine njenge-substrate, ukuze kuhlinzekwe i-methyl eyanele ye-metabolism yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngemithamo ephezulu, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwangaphandle kwenani elikhului-betaine, ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibindi sinikeza i-methyl ye-methyl receptor ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-BHMT, futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye ye-homocysteine ​​​​yakha i-cysteine ​​sulfide ngokusebenzisa indlela yokudlulisa isulfure, ukuze kugcinwe indlela ye-methyl metabolism yomzimba ibhalansi eguquguqukayo ezinzile. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi kuphephile ukushintsha ingxenye ye-methionine ekudleni kwedada le-broiler ufake i-betaine. I-Betaine ingamuncwa amangqamuzana amathumbu enkukhu, inciphise ukulimala kwezidakamizwa kumangqamuzana amathumbu, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana amathumbu enkukhu, ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, futhi ekugcineni ithuthukise ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kanye nokumelana nezifo kwezinkukhu.

I-Betaineingakhuthaza ukugcinwa kwe-GH, okungakhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwamaprotheni, kunciphise ukubola kwama-amino acid futhi kwenze ibhalansi ye-nitrogen enhle emzimbeni. I-Betaine ingakhuphula i-cyclic adenosine monophosphate esibindini nase-pituitary ( ˆ Okuqukethwe kwe-am, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi we-endocrine we-pituitary futhi ikhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa nokukhululwa (h, i-hormone evuselela i-thyroid) ngamaseli we-pituitary α SH namanye amahomoni angakhuphula ukugcinwa kwe-nitrogen emzimbeni, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhula kwemfuyo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi i-betaine ingakhuphula kakhulu amazinga e-serum h kanye ne-IGF ezingulubeni ezigabeni ezihlukene, ikhuthaze kakhulu izinga lokukhula kwezingulube ngezigaba ezahlukene futhi yehlise isilinganiso sesisindo sokudla. Izingulube ezilunyuliwe, izingulube ezikhulayo kanye nezingulube eziqedile zondliwa ngokudla okuhambisana ne-betaine 8001000 kanye ne-1750ngkg ngokulandelana, futhi inzuzo yansuku zonke yanda ngo-8.71% N13 20% no-13.32%, izinga le-serum GH lenyuke ngo-46.15%, 3% kanye ne-I8F% ngokulandelana. izinga likhuphuke ngo-38.74%, 4.75% no-47.95% ngokulandelana (Yu Dongyou et al., 2001). Ukwengezwa kwe-betaine ekudleni kungase futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kokuzala kwezingulube, kwandise isisindo sokuzalwa kanye nosayizi ophilayo wamaphuphu ezingulube, futhi akunawo umthelela omubi ezingulubeni ezikhulelwe.

I-Betaineingathuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo kuya ekushiseni okuphezulu, usawoti omningi kanye nemvelo ephezulu ye-osmotic, iqinise umsebenzi we-enzyme namandla e-kinetic wama-macromolecules ezinto eziphilayo. Lapho ingcindezi ye-osmotic yamangqamuzana ezicubu ishintsha, i-betaine ingamuncwa amangqamuzana, ivimbele ukulahleka kwamanzi kanye nokungena kukasawoti emangqamuzaneni, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwe-Na pump ye-membrane yeseli, igcine ingcindezi ye-osmotic yamangqamuzana ezicubu, ilawule ibhalansi ye-osmotic yokucindezela kwamaseli, inciphise impendulo yokucindezeleka futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nezifo.I-Betaineinezici ezifana ne-electrolyte. Lapho umgudu wokugaya ukudla uhlaselwe amagciwane, unomphumela wokuvikela we-osmotic kumangqamuzana omzila wengulube yengulube. Lapho amaphuphu elahlekelwa amanzi emathunjini kanye nokungalingani kwe-ion ngenxa yohudo, i-betaine ingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi futhi igweme i-hyperkalemia ebangelwa isifo sohudo, ukuze kugcinwe futhi kuzinzise ibhalansi ye-ion yendawo yamathumbu futhi yenze amagciwane azuzisayo ezitshalo ezincane ze-piglets' flora ye-piglets 'amagciwane anamandla amaningi, ngeke sivikele amagciwane amaningi. ukukhishwa okuvamile kwama-enzyme emgudwini wokugaya ukudla nokuzinza komsebenzi wawo, ukuthuthukisa ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokugaya amazinyane ezingulube ezilunyuliwe, kuthuthukise izinga lokugayeka kokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa kokudla, ukwandisa ukudla okudliwayo kanye nesisindo sansuku zonke, kunciphisa kakhulu isifo sohudo futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula ngokushesha kwezingulube ezilunyuliwe.