Izifundo ezifundweni zamagundane ziqinisekisile ukuthi i-betaine idlala indima yomnikeli we-methyl esibindini futhi ilawulwa yi-i-betainei-homocysteine ​​​​methyltransferase (BHMT) kanye ne-p-cysteine ​​​​sulfide β Synthetase (β Ukulawulwa kwe-cyst (mud et al., 1965). Lo mphumela waqinisekiswa ezingulubeni nasezinkukhu. Uma ukunikezwa kwe-methyl kunganele, umzimba wesilwane wenza i-hemiaminic acid ephezulu yamukele i-methyl ye-betaine ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-BHMT wokwenza i-methionine bese unikeza i-methyl. Uma ufaka i-betaine yomthamo ophansi, ngenxa yokunikezwa kwe-methyl okulinganiselwe emzimbeni, isibindi sandisa izikhathi zomjikelezo we-homocysteine ​​​​→ methionine ngokwandisa umsebenzi we-BMT nokusebenzisa i-betaine njenge-substrate, ukuze kuhlinzekwe i-methyl eyanele ye-metabolism yezinto ezibonakalayo. Ngemithamo ephezulu, ngenxa yokwengezwa kwangaphandle kwenani elikhulu le-i-betaineNgakolunye uhlangothi, isibindi sinikeza i-methyl ye-methyl receptor ngokuthuthukisa umsebenzi we-BHMT, kanti ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingxenye ye-homocysteine ​​​​yakha i-cysteine ​​​​sulfide ngendlela yokudlulisa i-sulfur, ukuze kugcinwe indlela yomzimba ye-methyl metabolism isesimweni esizinzile. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi kuphephile ukufaka esikhundleni sengxenye ye-methionine ekudleni kwedada le-broiler nge-betaine. I-Betaine ingamuncwa amaseli enkukhu, inciphise umonakalo wemithi kumaseli emathumbu, ithuthukise umsebenzi wokumuncwa kwamaseli enkukhu, ikhuthaze ukumuncwa kwezakhamzimba, futhi ekugcineni ithuthukise ukusebenza kokukhiqiza kanye nokumelana nezifo kwezinkukhu.

I-Betaineingakhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kwe-GH, okungakhuthaza ukwakheka kwamaprotheni, kunciphise ukubola kwama-amino acid futhi kwenze umzimba ube nebhalansi ye-nitrogen enhle. I-Betaine ingakhulisa i-cyclic adenosine monophosphate esibindini nase-pituitary（ˆ Okuqukethwe kwe-am, ukuze kuthuthukiswe umsebenzi we-endocrine we-pituitary futhi kukhuthazwe ukwakheka nokukhululwa kwe-(h, i-thyroid stimulating hormone) ngamaseli e-pituitary α SH namanye ama-hormone kungandisa isitoreji se-nitrogen somzimba, ukuze kukhuthazwe ukukhula kwemfuyo nezinkukhu. Ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi i-betaine ingakhuphula kakhulu amazinga e-serum h kanye ne-IGF ezingulubeni ngezigaba ezahlukene, ikhuthaze kakhulu izinga lokukhula kwezingulube ngezigaba ezahlukene futhi inciphise isilinganiso sesisindo sokudla. Amachwane ezingulube ezilunyuliwe, izingulube ezikhulayo kanye nezingulube eziqeda ukudla zondliwa ngokudla okunezelwe nge-betaine 8001000 kanye ne-1750ngkg ngokulandelana, kanti inzuzo yansuku zonke yanda ngo-8.71% N13 20% kanye no-13.32%, izinga le-GH egazini landa ngo-46.15%, 102.11% kanye no-58.33% ngokulandelana, kanti izinga le-IGF landa ngo-38.74%, 4.75% kanye no-47.95% ngokulandelana (Yu Dongyou et al., 2001). Ukwengezwa kwe-betaine ekudleni kungathuthukisa nokusebenza kokuzala kwezingulube, kwandise isisindo sokuzalwa kanye nosayizi wesilwane esiphilayo sezingulube, futhi akunawo umthelela omubi ezingulubeni ezikhulelwe.

I-BetaineKungathuthukisa ukubekezelelana kwamaseli ezinto eziphilayo ekushiseni okuphezulu, usawoti omningi kanye nendawo ephezulu ye-osmotic, kuzinzise umsebenzi we-enzyme kanye namandla e-kinetic wama-macromolecule ezinto eziphilayo. Lapho ingcindezi ye-osmotic yamaseli ezicubu ishintsha, i-betaine ingamuncwa amaseli, ivimbele ukulahleka kwamanzi kanye nokungena kukasawoti kwamaseli, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwephampu ye-Na ye-membrane yeseli, igcine ingcindezi ye-osmotic yamaseli ezicubu, ilawule ibhalansi yengcindezi ye-osmotic yamaseli, inciphise impendulo yokucindezeleka futhi ithuthukise ukumelana nezifo.I-Betaineinezimpawu ezifana ne-electrolyte. Lapho umgudu wokugaya ukudla uhlaselwa yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, uba nomthelela wokuvikela we-osmotic kumaseli omgudu wokugaya ukudla wengulube. Lapho amaphuphu elahlekelwa amanzi esiswini kanye nokungalingani kwe-ion balance ngenxa yohudo, i-betaine ingavimbela ngempumelelo ukulahleka kwamanzi futhi igweme i-hyperkalemia ebangelwa uhudo, ukuze igcine futhi izinzise ibhalansi ye-ion yendawo yokugaya ukudla futhi yenze amaphuphu awusizo ezitshalweni ezincane zendlela yokugaya ukudla yamaphuphu engulube ngaphansi kokucindezeleka kokuncelisa alawule, Amaphuphu ayingozi ngeke ande ngamanani amakhulu, avikele ukukhishwa okuvamile kwama-enzyme endleleni yokugaya ukudla kanye nokuzinza komsebenzi wawo, athuthukise ukukhula kanye nentuthuko yesistimu yokugaya ukudla yamaphuphu engulube encelisiwe, athuthukise ukugaya kanye nezinga lokusetshenziswa kokudla, andise ukudla okudliwayo kanye nokuzuza kwesisindo nsuku zonke, anciphise kakhulu uhudo futhi akhuthaze ukukhula okusheshayo kwamaphuphu engulube encelisiwe.